†Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden.
‡Politecnico di Torino, Alessandria Site, Viale Teresa Michel 5, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2015 Mar 18;7(10):5847-56. doi: 10.1021/am509058h. Epub 2015 Mar 9.
The toxicity of the most efficient fire retardant additives is a major problem for polymeric materials. Cellulose nanofiber (CNF)/clay nanocomposites, with unique brick-and-mortar structure and prepared by simple filtration, are characterized from the morphological point of view by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. These nanocomposites have superior fire protection properties to other clay nanocomposites and fiber composites. The corresponding mechanisms are evaluated in terms of flammability (reaction to a flame) and cone calorimetry (exposure to heat flux). These two tests provide a wide spectrum characterization of fire protection properties in CNF/montmorrilonite (MTM) materials. The morphology of the collected residues after flammability testing is investigated. In addition, thermal and thermo-oxidative stability are evaluated by thermogravimetric analyses performed in inert (nitrogen) and oxidative (air) atmospheres. Physical and chemical mechanisms are identified and related to the unique nanostructure and its low thermal conductivity, high gas barrier properties and CNF/MTM interactions for char formation.
最有效的阻燃添加剂的毒性是聚合材料的一个主要问题。纤维素纳米纤维（CNF）/粘土纳米复合材料具有独特的砖-泥结构，通过简单的过滤制备，从形态学的角度来看，通过扫描电子显微镜和 X 射线衍射进行了表征。与其他粘土纳米复合材料和纤维复合材料相比，这些纳米复合材料具有优越的防火性能。相应的机制是根据可燃性（对火焰的反应）和锥形量热法（暴露于热通量）来评估的。这两种测试为 CNF/蒙脱土（MTM）材料的防火性能提供了广泛的光谱特性。对可燃性测试后收集的残留物的形态进行了研究。此外，通过在惰性（氮气）和氧化性（空气）气氛中进行的热重分析评估了热和热氧化稳定性。确定了物理和化学机制，并将其与独特的纳米结构及其低热导率、高气阻隔性能以及 CNF/MTM 相互作用与炭形成相关联。
