Lukovic Dunja, Stojkovic Miodrag, Moreno-Manzano Victoria, Jendelova Pavla, Sykova Eva, Bhattacharya Shomi S, Erceg Slaven
CABIMER (Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa), Avda. Americo Vespucio s/n, Parque Científico y Tecnológico Cartuja, Sevilla, Spain.
Stem Cells. 2015 Apr;33(4):1036-41. doi: 10.1002/stem.1959.
Spinal cord injury (SCI) usually results in long lasting locomotor and sensory neuron degeneration below the injury. Astrocytes normally play a decisive role in mechanical and metabolic support of neurons, but in the spinal cord they cause injury, exerting well-known detrimental effects that contribute to glial scar formation and inhibition of axon outgrowth. Cell transplantation is considered a promising approach for replacing damaged cells and promoting neuroprotective and neuroregenerative repair, but the effects of the grafted cells on local tissue and the regenerative properties of endogenous neural stem cells in the injured spinal cord are largely unknown. During the last 2 decades cumulative evidence from diverse animal models has indicated that reactive astrocytes in synergy with transplanted cells could be beneficial for injury in multiple ways, including neuroprotection and axonal growth. In this review, we specifically focus on the dual opposing roles of reactive astrocytes in SCI and how they contribute to the creation of a permissive environment when combined with transplanted cells as the influential components for a local regenerative niche. Modulation of reactive astrocyte function might represent an extremely attractive new therapy to enhance the functional outcomes in patients.
脊髓损伤（SCI）通常会导致损伤平面以下的运动和感觉神经元长期退化。星形胶质细胞通常在对神经元的机械和代谢支持中起决定性作用，但在脊髓中，它们会导致损伤，产生众所周知的有害影响，促进胶质瘢痕形成并抑制轴突生长。细胞移植被认为是一种有前景的方法，用于替代受损细胞并促进神经保护和神经再生修复，但移植细胞对局部组织的影响以及损伤脊髓中内源性神经干细胞的再生特性在很大程度上尚不清楚。在过去的20年中，来自各种动物模型的累积证据表明，反应性星形胶质细胞与移植细胞协同作用可通过多种方式对损伤有益，包括神经保护和轴突生长。在这篇综述中，我们特别关注反应性星形胶质细胞在脊髓损伤中的双重对立作用，以及当它们与移植细胞结合作为局部再生微环境的影响因素时，如何有助于创造一个有利于再生的环境。调节反应性星形胶质细胞的功能可能是一种极具吸引力的新疗法，可改善患者的功能预后。
