M Shaw Rhonda
School of Social and Cultural Studies, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand.
Sociol Health Illn. 2015 Jul;37(6):952-66. doi: 10.1111/1467-9566.12258. Epub 2015 Feb 28.
In jurisdictions where the sale of body tissue and organs is illegal, organ transplantation is often spoken of as a gift of life. In the social sciences and bioethics this concept has been subject to critique over the course of the last two decades for failing to reflect the complexities of organ and tissue exchange. I suggest that a new ethical model of organ donation and transplantation is needed to capture the range of experiences in this domain. The proposed model is both analytical and empirically oriented, and draws on research findings linking a series of qualitative sociological studies undertaken in New Zealand between 2007 and 2013. The studies were based on document analysis, field notes and 127 semi-structured in-depth interviews with people from different cultural and constituent groups directly involved in organ transfer processes. The aim of the article is to contribute to sociological knowledge about organ exchange and to expand the conceptual toolkit of organ donation to include the unconditional gift, the gift relation, gift exchange, body project, and body work. The rationale for the proposed model is to provide an explanatory framework for organ donors and transplant recipients and to assist the development of ethical guidelines and health policy discourse.
在那些人体组织和器官买卖属于非法行为的司法管辖区，器官移植常常被视为一种生命的馈赠。在过去二十年里，在社会科学和生物伦理学领域，这一概念因未能反映器官和组织交换的复杂性而受到批判。我认为需要一种新的器官捐赠和移植伦理模式来涵盖该领域的一系列经历。所提出的模式兼具分析性和实证导向性，它借鉴了2007年至2013年期间在新西兰开展的一系列定性社会学研究的研究结果。这些研究基于文献分析、实地记录以及对直接参与器官移植过程的不同文化和组成群体的127人进行的半结构化深度访谈。本文的目的是增进关于器官交换的社会学知识，并扩展器官捐赠的概念工具，将无条件馈赠、馈赠关系、馈赠交换、身体规划和身体劳作纳入其中。所提出模式的基本原理是为器官捐赠者和移植受者提供一个解释框架，并协助制定伦理准则和健康政策论述。
