Tschakert Gerhard, Kroepfl Julia, Mueller Alexander, Moser Othmar, Groeschl Werner, Hofmann Peter
Institute of Sports Science, University of Graz , Graz, Austria ; Human Performance Research Graz, University of Graz and Medical University Graz , Graz, Austria.
Human Performance Research Graz, University of Graz and Medical University Graz , Graz, Austria ; Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport , ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
J Sports Sci Med. 2015 Mar 1;14(1):29-36. eCollection 2015 Mar.
The acute physiological processes during "aerobic" high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) and their regulation are inadequately studied. The main goal of this study was to investigate the acute metabolic and cardiorespiratory response to long and short HIIE compared to continuous exercise (CE) as well as its regulation and predictability. Six healthy well-trained sport students (5 males, 1 female; age: 25.7 ± 3.1 years; height: 1.80 ± 0.04 m; weight: 76.7 ± 6.4 kg; VO2max: 4.33 ± 0.7 l·min(-1)) performed a maximal incremental exercise test (IET) and subsequently three different exercise sessions matched for mean load (Pmean) and exercise duration (28 min): 1) long HIIE with submaximal peak workloads (Ppeak = power output at 95 % of maximum heart rate), peak workload durations (tpeak) of 4 min, and recovery durations (trec) of 3 min, 2) short HIIE with Ppeak according to the maximum power output (Pmax) from IET, tpeak of 20 s, and individually calculated trec (26.7 ± 13.4 s), and 3) CE with a target workload (Ptarget) equating to Pmean of HIIE. In short HIIE, mean lactate (Lamean) (5.22 ± 1.41 mmol·l(-1)), peak La (7.14 ± 2.48 mmol·l(-1)), and peak heart rate (HRpeak) (181.00 ± 6.66 b·min(-1)) were significantly lower compared to long HIIE (Lamean: 9.83 ± 2.78 mmol·l(-1); Lapeak: 12.37 ± 4.17 mmol·l(-1), HRpeak: 187.67 ± 5.72 b·min(-1)). No significant differences in any parameters were found between short HIIE and CE despite considerably higher peak workloads in short HIIE. The acute metabolic and peak cardiorespiratory demand during "aerobic" short HIIE was significantly lower compared to long HIIE and regulable via Pmean. Consequently, short HIIE allows a consciously aimed triggering of specific and desired or required acute physiological responses. Key pointsHigh-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) with short peak workload durations (tpeak) induce a lower acute metabolic and peak cardiorespiratory response compared to intervals with long tpeak despite higher peak workload intensities (Ppeak) and identical mean load (Pmean).Short HIIE response is the same as in continuous exercise (CE) matched for Pmean.It is possible to regulate and predict the acute physiological response by means of Pmean for short HIIE but not for long HIIE.The use of fixed percentages of maximal heart rate (HRmax) for exercise intensity prescription yields heterogeneous exercise stimuli across subjects. Therefore, objective individual markers such as the first and the second lactate turn point are recommend prescribing exercise intensity not only for continuous but also for intermittent exercise.
“有氧”高强度间歇运动（HIIE）期间的急性生理过程及其调节机制尚未得到充分研究。本研究的主要目的是调查与持续运动（CE）相比，长时间和短时间HIIE的急性代谢和心肺反应，以及其调节机制和可预测性。六名健康且训练有素的体育专业学生（5名男性，1名女性；年龄：25.7±3.1岁；身高：1.80±0.04米；体重：76.7±6.4千克；最大摄氧量：4.33±0.7升·分钟⁻¹）进行了最大递增运动试验（IET），随后进行了三次不同的运动训练，这些训练的平均负荷（Pmean）和运动持续时间（28分钟）相匹配：1）长时间HIIE，次最大峰值工作量（Ppeak = 最大心率95%时的功率输出），峰值工作量持续时间（tpeak）为4分钟，恢复持续时间（trec）为3分钟；2）短时间HIIE，Ppeak根据IET的最大功率输出（Pmax）确定，tpeak为20秒，以及单独计算的trec（26.7±13.4秒）；3）CE，目标工作量（Ptarget）等于HIIE的Pmean。在短时间HIIE中，平均乳酸（Lamean）（5.22±1.41毫摩尔·升⁻¹）、峰值乳酸（Lapeak）（7.14±2.48毫摩尔·升⁻¹）和峰值心率（HRpeak）（181.00±6.66次·分钟⁻¹）显著低于长时间HIIE（Lamean：9.83±2.78毫摩尔·升⁻¹；Lapeak：12.37±4.17毫摩尔·升⁻¹，HRpeak：187.67±5.72次·分钟⁻¹）。尽管短时间HIIE的峰值工作量明显更高，但短时间HIIE与CE之间在任何参数上均未发现显著差异。与长时间HIIE相比，“有氧”短时间HIIE期间的急性代谢和峰值心肺需求显著更低，并且可通过Pmean进行调节。因此，短时间HIIE能够有意识地引发特定的、期望的或所需的急性生理反应。要点与峰值工作量持续时间（tpeak）长的间歇运动相比，峰值工作量持续时间（tpeak）短的高强度间歇运动（HIIE）引发的急性代谢和峰值心肺反应更低，尽管峰值工作量强度（Ppeak）更高且平均负荷（Pmean）相同。短时间HIIE的反应与匹配Pmean的持续运动（CE）相同。通过Pmean可以调节和预测短时间HIIE的急性生理反应，但不能调节和预测长时间HIIE的。使用最大心率（HRmax）的固定百分比来规定运动强度会导致不同受试者受到的运动刺激存在差异。因此，建议使用诸如第一个和第二个乳酸拐点等客观的个体指标来规定运动强度，不仅适用于持续运动，也适用于间歇运动。
