Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
Centro Polifunzionale di Scienze Motorie, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Jul 2;19(13):8132. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19138132.
Background: This study investigated the acute effects of two high-intensity interval training (HIIT) programs on physiological responses and internal workload. Methods: Ten national-level adolescent male rowers (age: 15.7 ± 0.2 years; maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max): 60.11 ± 1.91 mL∙kg−1∙min−1) performed two HIIT testing sessions: short (S-HIIT) and long (L-HIIT). In S-HIIT, the rowers performed 25 reps of 30 s at 100% power at VO2max (Pmax) interspersed with 30 s at P@20% Pmax; whereas in L-HIIT, the rowers executed 4 × 4 min at P@90% Pmax interspersed with 3 min of active recovery (P@30% Pmax). Results: The acute physiological responses and internal workload were evaluated. The significance level was set at p < 0.05. Oxygen uptake (VO2) (p < 0.05), time spent per session at ~90% VO2max (p < 0.01), total VO2 consumed (p < 0.01), total distance (p < 0.001), the rating of perceived exertion, blood lactate concentration and heart rate (always p < 0.0001) were significantly higher in L-HIIT than in S-HIIT. However, peak power output was significantly lower in L-HIIT compared to S-HIIT (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: In adolescent rowers, both HIIT tests stimulated aerobic and anaerobic systems. The L-HIIT test was associated with acute cardiorespiratory and metabolic responses, as well as higher perceptions of effort than the S-HIIT test. In adolescent rowers, HIIT emerges as an asset and could be introduced into a traditional in-season, moderate-intensity and endurance-based rowing program once a week.
本研究旨在探讨两种高强度间歇训练（HIIT）方案对生理反应和内部工作量的急性影响。方法：10 名国家级青少年男性赛艇运动员（年龄：15.7±0.2 岁；最大摄氧量（VO2max）：60.11±1.91mL·kg-1·min-1）进行了两次 HIIT 测试：短（S-HIIT）和长（L-HIIT）。在 S-HIIT 中，运动员以 100%的 VO2max 功率进行 25 次 30 秒的划桨，每次划桨之间穿插 30 秒的 20% VO2max 功率的恢复；而在 L-HIIT 中，运动员以 90% VO2max 功率进行 4×4 分钟的划桨，每次划桨之间穿插 3 分钟的 30% VO2max 功率的主动恢复。结果：评估了急性生理反应和内部工作量。显著性水平设置为 p<0.05。VO2（p<0.05）、每次训练在 90% VO2max 左右的时间（p<0.01）、总 VO2 消耗（p<0.01）、总距离（p<0.001）、主观疲劳感觉评分、血乳酸浓度和心率（始终 p<0.0001）在 L-HIIT 中显著高于 S-HIIT。然而，在 L-HIIT 中，峰值功率输出显著低于 S-HIIT（p<0.0001）。结论：在青少年赛艇运动员中，两种 HIIT 测试均刺激了有氧和无氧系统。与 S-HIIT 相比，L-HIIT 测试与急性心肺和代谢反应相关，并且感觉更努力。在青少年赛艇运动员中，HIIT 是一种优势，可以在每周一次的传统的、适度的、基于耐力的划船训练计划中引入。
