Radial artery spasm and perforation: simple solutions for challenging cases.

Transradial access for percutaneous coronary intervention and diagnostic coronary angiography has been increasingly utilised in the routine practice in most catheterisation laboratories as it reduces the incidence of major access site complications such as bleeding and haematoma. Radial artery spasm with or without perforation is one of the more frequent reasons for converting from radial to femoral access. In this article, the balloon-assisted technique and Sheathless EauCath (Asahi Intecc, Aichi, Japan) are demonstrated to overcome radial artery spasm with associated significant perforation in two cases.