Menezes Rodolpho Santos Telles, Brady Seán Gary, Carvalho Antônio Freire, Del Lama Marco Antonio, Costa Marco Antônio
Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil; Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, United States of America.
Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2015 Mar 4;10(3):e0119151. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119151. eCollection 2015.
The Neotropical Region harbors high biodiversity and many studies on mammals, reptiles, amphibians and avifauna have investigated the causes for this pattern. However, there is a paucity of such studies that focus on Neotropical insect groups. Synoeca de Saussure, 1852 is a Neotropical swarm-founding social wasp genus with five described species that is broadly and conspicuously distributed throughout the Neotropics. Here, we infer the phylogenetic relationships, diversification times, and historical biogeography of Synoeca species. We also investigate samples of the disjoint populations of S. septentrionalis that occur in both northwestern parts of South America through Central American and the Brazilian Atlantic rainforests. Our results showed that the interspecific relationships for Synoeca could be described as follows: (S. chalibea + S. virginea) + (S. cyanea + (S. septentrionalis/S. surinama)). Notably, samples of S. septentrionalis and S. surinama collected in the Atlantic Forest were interrelated and may be the result of incomplete lineage sorting and/or mitochondrial introgression among them. Our Bayesian divergence dating analysis revealed recent Plio-Pleistocene diversification in Synoeca. Moreover, our biogeographical analysis suggested an Amazonian origin of Synoeca, with three main dispersal events subsequently occurring during the Plio-Pleistocene.
新热带地区拥有高度的生物多样性，许多关于哺乳动物、爬行动物、两栖动物和鸟类的研究都调查了这种模式形成的原因。然而，针对新热带昆虫类群的此类研究却很少。1852年命名的Synoeca de Saussure是新热带地区的一种群居性社会黄蜂属，有五个已描述的物种，广泛且显著地分布于整个新热带地区。在这里，我们推断了Synoeca物种的系统发育关系、多样化时间和历史生物地理学。我们还研究了分布于南美洲西北部经中美洲至巴西大西洋雨林的S. septentrionalis不连续种群的样本。我们的结果表明，Synoeca的种间关系可描述如下：(S. chalibea + S. virginea) + (S. cyanea + (S. septentrionalis/S. surinama))。值得注意的是，在大西洋森林采集的S. septentrionalis和S. surinama样本相互关联，这可能是它们之间不完全谱系分选和/或线粒体基因渗入的结果。我们的贝叶斯分歧时间分析揭示了Synoeca在新近纪上新世-更新世的近期多样化。此外，我们的生物地理学分析表明Synoeca起源于亚马逊地区，随后在新近纪上新世-更新世期间发生了三次主要的扩散事件。
