Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Division of Biological Inorganic Chemistry, State Key laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China.
Chem Soc Rev. 2015 May 21;44(10):2963-97. doi: 10.1039/c4cs00370e. Epub 2015 Mar 5.
The early detection of cancer can significantly reduce cancer mortality and saves lives. Thus, a great deal of effort has been devoted to the exploration of new technologies to detect early signs of the disease. Cancer biomarkers cover a broad range of biochemical entities, such as nucleic acids, proteins, sugars, small metabolites, and cytogenetic and cytokinetic parameters, as well as entire tumour cells found in the body fluid. They can be used for risk assessment, diagnosis, prognosis, and for the prediction of treatment efficacy and toxicity and recurrence. In this review, we provide an overview of recent advances in cancer biomarker detection. Several representative examples using different approaches for each biomarker have been reviewed, and all these cases demonstrate that the multidisciplinary technology-based cancer diagnostics are becoming an increasingly relevant alternative to traditional techniques. In addition, we also discuss the unsolved problems and future challenges in the evaluation of cancer biomarkers. Clearly, solving these hurdles requires great effort and collaboration from different communities of chemists, physicists, biologists, clinicians, material-scientists, and engineering and technical researchers. A successful outcome will result in the realization of point-of-care diagnosis and individualized treatment of cancers by non-invasive and convenient tests in the future.
癌症的早期检测可以显著降低癌症死亡率并拯救生命。因此，人们投入了大量精力来探索新技术，以发现疾病的早期迹象。癌症生物标志物涵盖了广泛的生化实体，如核酸、蛋白质、糖类、小分子代谢物以及细胞遗传学和细胞动力学参数，还有在体液中发现的整个肿瘤细胞。它们可用于风险评估、诊断、预后以及治疗效果和毒性以及复发的预测。在这篇综述中，我们概述了癌症生物标志物检测的最新进展。我们综述了使用不同方法的几种代表性生物标志物的例子，所有这些案例都表明，基于多学科技术的癌症诊断正在成为传统技术的一个越来越重要的替代方案。此外，我们还讨论了癌症生物标志物评估中尚未解决的问题和未来的挑战。显然，解决这些难题需要化学家、物理学家、生物学家、临床医生、材料科学家以及工程和技术研究人员来自不同领域的共同努力和协作。成功的结果将导致未来通过非侵入性和方便的测试实现即时诊断和癌症的个体化治疗。
