Hattori Masahira
Center for Omics and Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo.
Nihon Rinsho Meneki Gakkai Kaishi. 2014;37(5):412-22. doi: 10.2177/jsci.37.412.
Analysis of the human gut microbiome, collective genomes of over 100 trillion cells of intestinal microbes which form the complex bacterial community, has recently become more practical due to remarkable advances in next-generation sequencing technologies (NGS). Several studies using NGS-based metagenomic approaches have been conducted to comprehensively analyze genes/functions and species composition in the human gut microbiome. These NGS-based approaches have demonstrated that their ecological and biological features that have been rather difficult to pursue can now be characterized with relative ease and high-throughput. There have also been several analytical developments and improvements to accurately evaluate the microbiome data from viewpoint of biology and ecology. In addition to the impact of external factors such as diet, these NGS-based studies have strongly suggested that the human gut microbiome has profound influences on various host physiologies including disease, of which the gut microbiome exhibited ecologically and functionally aberrant structure as compared with that of healthy control. On the other hand, the detailed assessment of the effect of experimental protocols including sample storage and delivery, DNA preparation, and sequencers used on the gut microbiome structure is also necessary. I herein present the NGS-based methodology for the human gut microbiome analysis.
对人类肠道微生物组（由超过100万亿个肠道微生物细胞的集体基因组组成，形成复杂的细菌群落）的分析，由于下一代测序技术（NGS）的显著进步，最近变得更加可行。已经开展了几项使用基于NGS的宏基因组学方法的研究，以全面分析人类肠道微生物组中的基因/功能和物种组成。这些基于NGS的方法表明，以前相当难以探究的其生态和生物学特征现在可以相对轻松且高通量地表征出来。在从生物学和生态学角度准确评估微生物组数据方面也有了一些分析方法的发展和改进。除了饮食等外部因素的影响外，这些基于NGS的研究有力地表明，人类肠道微生物组对包括疾病在内的各种宿主生理机能有深远影响，其中与健康对照相比，肠道微生物组表现出生态和功能异常的结构。另一方面，详细评估包括样本储存和运送、DNA制备以及所使用的测序仪等实验方案对肠道微生物组结构的影响也是必要的。我在此介绍基于NGS的人类肠道微生物组分析方法。
