de Geus Eveline D, Degen Winfried G J, van Haarlem Daphne A, Schrier Carla, Broere Femke, Vervelde Lonneke
a Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Utrecht University , Utrecht , The Netherlands.
Avian Pathol. 2015;44(3):222-9. doi: 10.1080/03079457.2015.1026797. Epub 2015 Mar 31.
Mucosal application is the most common route of vaccination to prevent outbreaks of infectious diseases like Newcastle disease virus (NDV). To gain more knowledge about distribution and uptake of a vaccine after mucosal vaccination, we studied the distribution pattern of antigens after different mucosal routes of administration. Chickens were intranasally (i.n.), intratracheally (i.t.) or intraocularly (i.o.) inoculated with fluorescent beads and presence of beads in nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT), Harderian gland (HG), conjunctiva-associated lymphoid tissue (CALT), trachea, lungs, air sacs, oesophagus and blood was characterized. The distribution patterns differed significantly between the three inoculation routes. After i.t. inoculation, the beads were mainly retrieved from trachea, NALT and lung. I.n. inoculation resulted in beads found mainly in NALT but detectable in all organs sampled. Finally, after i.o. inoculation, the beads were detected in NALT, CALT, HG and trachea. The highest number of beads was retrieved after i.n. inoculation. Development of novel vaccines requires a comprehensive knowledge of the mucosal immune system in birds in order to target vaccines appropriately and to provide efficient adjuvants. The NALT is likely important for the induction of mucosal immune responses. We therefore studied the phenotype of antigen-presenting cells isolated from NALT after i.n. inoculation with uncoated beads or with NDV-coated beads. Both types of beads were efficiently taken up and low numbers of bead+ cells were detected in all organs sampled. Inoculation with NDV-coated beads resulted in a preferential uptake by NALT antigen-presenting cells as indicated by high percentages of KUL01+-, MHC II+ and CD40+ bead+ cells.
黏膜接种是预防诸如新城疫病毒（NDV）等传染病爆发的最常见疫苗接种途径。为了更深入了解黏膜疫苗接种后疫苗的分布和摄取情况，我们研究了不同黏膜给药途径后抗原的分布模式。给鸡进行鼻内（i.n.）、气管内（i.t.）或眼内（i.o.）接种荧光珠，并对鼻相关淋巴组织（NALT）、哈德氏腺（HG）、结膜相关淋巴组织（CALT）、气管、肺、气囊、食管和血液中珠子的存在情况进行了表征。三种接种途径的分布模式差异显著。气管内接种后，珠子主要从气管、NALT和肺中回收。鼻内接种导致珠子主要在NALT中发现，但在所有采样器官中均可检测到。最后，眼内接种后，在NALT、CALT、HG和气管中检测到珠子。鼻内接种后回收的珠子数量最多。新型疫苗的研发需要全面了解鸟类的黏膜免疫系统，以便合理靶向疫苗并提供有效的佐剂。NALT可能对诱导黏膜免疫反应很重要。因此，我们研究了鼻内接种未包被珠子或NDV包被珠子后从NALT分离的抗原呈递细胞的表型。两种类型的珠子都被有效摄取，并且在所有采样器官中均检测到少量珠子阳性细胞。用NDV包被的珠子接种导致NALT抗原呈递细胞优先摄取，这表现为KUL01 + -、MHC II +和CD40 +珠子阳性细胞的高百分比。
