KWR Watercycle Research Institute, P.O. Box 1072, 3430 BB Nieuwegein, The Netherlands.
KWR Watercycle Research Institute, P.O. Box 1072, 3430 BB Nieuwegein, The Netherlands.
Water Res. 2015 May 1;74:191-202. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.01.035. Epub 2015 Feb 7.
UV/H2O2 processes in drinking water treatment may generate byproducts which cause an increased response in Ames fluctuation assays. As this probably involves a mixture of substances in very low concentrations, it is challenging to identify the individual byproducts. Therefore it was studied under which conditions mutagenic byproducts are formed and how this can be prevented. It was found that positive Ames fluctuation test responses only are obtained when Medium Pressure UV lamps are used, and not with Low Pressure lamps. This probably is explained by the photolysis of nitrate, which plays an important role in the formation of mutagenic byproducts. The most important parameters involved in the formation of such byproducts were demonstrated to be the nitrate concentration, the natural organic matter, the UV spectrum of the lamps, and the UV dose applied. These factors explain up to 74-87% of the Ames fluctuation test responses after UV/H2O2 drinking water treatment. By taking this into account, drinking water utilities can estimate whether UV processes applied in their case may cause the formation of mutagenic byproducts, and how to take measures to prevent it.
饮用水处理中的 UV/H2O2 工艺可能会产生副产物，从而导致 Ames 波动试验出现更高的反应。由于这可能涉及到非常低浓度的物质混合物，因此难以确定单个副产物。因此，研究了在哪些条件下会形成致突变副产物以及如何防止这种情况发生。研究发现，只有使用中压 UV 灯才会产生阳性 Ames 波动试验反应，而使用低压灯则不会。这可能是由于硝酸盐的光解所致，硝酸盐在致突变副产物的形成中起着重要作用。形成此类副产物的最重要参数被证明是硝酸盐浓度、天然有机物、灯的 UV 光谱和施加的 UV 剂量。这些因素可以解释 UV/H2O2 饮用水处理后高达 74-87%的 Ames 波动试验反应。考虑到这一点，饮用水公用事业公司可以估计他们所采用的 UV 工艺是否可能导致致突变副产物的形成，以及如何采取措施加以预防。
