Immunoenzymatic and biochip array profiling of the biomarkers of inflammation and hemostatic activation processes in ESRD.

There is a high incidence of mortality due to cardiovascular events seen in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing hemodialysis. Through utilization of biochip microarrays and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods, we assessed various cardiac, inflammatory, thrombotic, and cerebral biomarkers to determine their roles in the hemostatic activation or inflammatory processes in ESRD. In this study, 72 patients on maintenance hemodialysis were recruited and 53 normal healthy male and female adults volunteers. Blood samples from patients with ESRD were drawn prior to maintenance hemodialysis. Of the 15 statistically significant biomarkers, 10 were elevated in the ESRD group, most notably soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1, heart-type fatty acid binding protein, and von Willebrand factor activity. These results are consistent with previously reported studies proposing ESRD represents a poly-pathologic process with the activation of hemostatic and inflammatory processes, which contribute to the significant sequelae of cardiovascular disease seen in these patients.