Castagnetti Marco, Leonard Mike, Guerra Luis, Esposito Ciro, Cimador Marcello
, Padua, Italy.
Section of Pediatric Urology, Urology Unit, University Hospital of Padova, Padua, Italy.
World J Pediatr. 2015 Nov;11(4):316-23. doi: 10.1007/s12519-015-0015-5. Epub 2015 Mar 9.
Abnormalities involving the skin coverage of the penis are difficult to define, but they can significantly alter penile appearance, and be a cause of parental concern.
The present review was based on a nonsystematic search of the English language medical literature using a combination of key words including "penile skin anomalies" and the specific names of the different conditions.
Conditions were addressed in the following order, those mainly affecting the prepuce (phimosis, balanitis xerotica obliterans, balanitis, paraphimosis), those which alter penile configuration (inconspicuous penis and penile torsion), and lastly focal lesions (cysts, nevi and vascular lesions). Most of these anomalies are congenital, have no or minimal influence on urinary function, and can be detected on clinical examination. Spontaneous improvement is possible. In the majority of cases undergoing surgery, the potential psychological implications of genital malformation on patient development are the main reason for treatment, and the age generally recommended for surgery is after 12 months of age.
This review provides the pediatrician with a handy tool to identify the most common penile skin anomalies, counsel parents adequately, make sensible and evidence based choices for management, and recognize complications or untoward outcomes in patients undergoing surgery.
涉及阴茎皮肤覆盖的异常情况难以界定，但它们会显著改变阴茎外观，并引起家长担忧。
本综述基于对英文医学文献的非系统性检索，使用了包括“阴茎皮肤异常”及不同病症具体名称在内的关键词组合。
按以下顺序阐述相关病症，主要影响包皮的病症（包茎、闭塞性干燥性龟头炎、龟头炎、包皮嵌顿），改变阴茎形态的病症（隐匿阴茎和阴茎扭转），以及最后是局灶性病变（囊肿、痣和血管病变）。这些异常大多为先天性，对排尿功能无影响或影响极小，可通过临床检查发现。有可能自行改善。在大多数接受手术的病例中，生殖器畸形对患者发育的潜在心理影响是治疗的主要原因，一般建议手术年龄在12个月之后。
本综述为儿科医生提供了一个便捷工具，用于识别最常见的阴茎皮肤异常，充分为家长提供咨询，做出明智且基于证据的管理选择，并识别手术患者的并发症或不良后果。
