Yang Jaynie F, Mitton Mary, Musselman Kristin E, Patrick Susan K, Tajino Junichi
Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine and The Neuroscience & Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada.
Dev Psychobiol. 2015 May;57(4):397-408. doi: 10.1002/dev.21289. Epub 2015 Mar 4.
Similarities in the development of locomotion between young children and other mammals are explored by reanalysis of data accrued over ~18 years. Supported stepping in children was tested on a treadmill. Although the time course of development is more protracted in humans compared to other mammals, the same trends are seen. For example, the duration of the stepping cycle shortens rapidly in the first 5 months of life. Hypermetric flexion of the hip and knee during stepping is seen in children <3 mo old. Stability of the locomotor rhythm both with respect to cycle duration within a limb and coupling between limbs improves slowly. Finally, coordination between the left and right legs can be manipulated with training, indicating experience-dependent learning at a young age. The possible reasons for these remarkably similar trends in development are explored as a function of maturational time tables for neural structures.
通过对约18年积累的数据进行重新分析，探索了幼儿与其他哺乳动物在运动发育方面的相似性。在跑步机上测试了儿童的支撑性踏步。尽管与其他哺乳动物相比，人类的发育时间进程更为漫长，但仍可观察到相同的趋势。例如，在生命的前5个月，踏步周期的持续时间迅速缩短。3个月以下的儿童在踏步时会出现髋部和膝部的过度屈曲。无论是在肢体内部的周期持续时间方面，还是在肢体之间的耦合方面，运动节奏的稳定性都改善得较为缓慢。最后，通过训练可以调节左右腿之间的协调性，这表明在幼年时存在依赖经验的学习。作为神经结构成熟时间表的一个函数，探讨了这些发育过程中显著相似趋势的可能原因。
