Kahan D
School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.
Clin Obes. 2015 Apr;5(2):87-98. doi: 10.1111/cob.12089. Epub 2015 Mar 6.
The primary objectives of the study were to calculate overweight prevalence (body mass index ≥ 25.0) and simple correlations between 10 demographic, social welfare and behavioural variables and overweight prevalence for Muslim countries (populations >50% Muslim; N = 46). Overweight data for a country's total, male and female populations were extracted from the World Health Organization's (WHO) STEPwise country reports and relevant publications. Country-level data for potential correlates were extracted from multiple sources: Central Intelligence Agency (literacy), Gallup Poll (religiosity), United Nations (agricultural employment, food supply, gender inequality, human development), World Bank (automobile ownership, Internet, labour force) and WHO (physical inactivity). The overall, male and female overweight prevalence was 37.4, 33.0 and 42.1%, respectively. Prevalence estimates significantly differed by economic classification, gender and ethnicity. Middle- and upper income countries were 1.54-7.76 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.49-8.07) times more likely overweight than low-income countries, females were 1.48 (CI: 1.45-1.50) times more likely overweight than males and Arab countries were 2.92 (CI: 2.86-2.97) times more likely overweight than non-Arab countries. All 10 of the potential correlates were significantly associated with overweight for at least one permutation (total, economic classification, gender, ethnicity). The greater percentage of poorer countries among non-Arab Muslim countries, which compared with Arab countries have not as rapidly been transformed by globalization, nutrition transition and urbanization, may partially explain prevalence differences. Evaluation of correlational data generally followed associations seen in non-Muslim countries but more complex analysis of subnational data is needed. Arab women are a particularly vulnerable subgroup and governments should act within religious and cultural parameters to provide environments that are conducive to negative energy balance.
该研究的主要目标是计算超重患病率（体重指数≥25.0），以及10个人口统计学、社会福利和行为变量与穆斯林国家（穆斯林人口>50%；N = 46）超重患病率之间的简单相关性。一个国家总人口、男性和女性的超重数据取自世界卫生组织（WHO）的逐步国家报告及相关出版物。潜在相关因素的国家层面数据来自多个来源：中央情报局（识字率）、盖洛普民意调查（宗教信仰）、联合国（农业就业、食物供应、性别不平等、人类发展）、世界银行（汽车拥有量、互联网、劳动力）和WHO（身体活动不足）。总体、男性和女性的超重患病率分别为37.4%、33.0%和42.1%。患病率估计值在经济分类、性别和种族方面存在显著差异。中高收入国家超重的可能性是低收入国家的1.54 - 7.76倍（95%置信区间[CI]：1.49 - 8.07），女性超重的可能性是男性的1.48倍（CI：1.45 - 1.50），阿拉伯国家超重的可能性是非阿拉伯国家的2.92倍（CI：2.86 - 2.97）。所有10个潜在相关因素在至少一种排列（总体、经济分类、性别、种族）中都与超重显著相关。与阿拉伯国家相比，非阿拉伯穆斯林国家中较贫穷国家的比例更高，这些国家没有像阿拉伯国家那样迅速地受到全球化、营养转型和城市化的影响，这可能部分解释了患病率的差异。对相关数据的评估总体上遵循非穆斯林国家中观察到的关联，但需要对国家以下层面的数据进行更复杂的分析。阿拉伯女性是一个特别脆弱的亚组，政府应在宗教和文化范围内采取行动，提供有利于负能量平衡的环境。
