Laboratoire Psychologie de la Perception, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS, UMR 8158 , Paris , France ; Pôle Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent (PHUPEA), Centre Hospitalier Guillaume Régnier, Université de Rennes 1 , Rennes , France.
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine , Durham, NC , USA.
Front Pediatr. 2015 Feb 23;3:1. doi: 10.3389/fped.2015.00001. eCollection 2015.
There is a growing interest in the role of biological and behavioral rhythms in typical and atypical development. Recent studies in cognitive and developmental psychology have highlighted the importance of rhythmicity and synchrony of motor, emotional, and interpersonal rhythms in early development of social communication. The synchronization of rhythms allows tuning and adaptation to the external environment. The role of melatonin in the ontogenetic establishment of circadian rhythms and the synchronization of the circadian clocks network suggests that this hormone might be also involved in the synchrony of motor, emotional, and interpersonal rhythms. Autism provides a challenging model of physiological and behavioral rhythm disturbances and their possible effects on the development of social communication impairments and repetitive behaviors and interests. This article situates autism as a disorder of biological and behavioral rhythms and reviews the recent literature on the role of rhythmicity and synchrony of rhythms in child development. Finally, the hypothesis is developed that an integrated approach focusing on biological, motor, emotional, and interpersonal rhythms may open interesting therapeutic perspectives for children with autism. More specifically, promising avenues are discussed for potential therapeutic benefits in autism spectrum disorder of melatonin combined with developmental behavioral interventions that emphasize synchrony, such as the Early Start Denver Model.
人们对生物和行为节律在典型和非典型发育中的作用越来越感兴趣。认知和发展心理学的最近研究强调了在社会交流的早期发展中，运动、情感和人际节律的节奏性和同步性的重要性。节律的同步允许对外部环境进行调整和适应。褪黑素在昼夜节律的个体发生建立和昼夜节律钟网络的同步中的作用表明，这种激素可能也参与运动、情感和人际节律的同步。自闭症为生理和行为节律紊乱及其对社会交流障碍和重复行为和兴趣发展的可能影响提供了一个具有挑战性的模型。本文将自闭症定位为生物和行为节律紊乱，并回顾了关于儿童发育中节律的节奏性和同步性作用的最新文献。最后，提出了一个假设，即关注生物、运动、情感和人际节律的综合方法可能为自闭症儿童开辟有趣的治疗前景。更具体地说，讨论了将褪黑素与强调同步性的发育行为干预措施（如早期启动丹佛模式）相结合，可能对自闭症谱系障碍具有潜在治疗益处的有前途的途径。
