Roaldsen Bente Lisbet, Sørlie Tore, Lorem Geir F
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
Surgery, Cancer and Women's Health Clinic, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
Scand J Caring Sci. 2015 Dec;29(4):724-33. doi: 10.1111/scs.12203. Epub 2015 Mar 10.
Humour is seen as a health-promoting coping strategy when dealing with life stress. The aim is to elucidate how adult cancer survivors experience and evaluate the significance of humour in daily life, from diagnosis through their entire illness trajectory, and to gain a broader understanding of humour as part of stress-coping processes during the experience of cancer as a life-threatening illness.
A socio-narrative approach was chosen to study the humorous stories and their use in everyday contexts. Fourteen participants aged 23-83 with a variety of experiences across diagnoses, times since diagnosis, prognoses and life situations were interviewed.
Participants described humour as helpful and utilised its capacity to deal with difficult situations or related distress, although fluctuations in the course of the illness coincided with two extremes: humour that disappeared and humour that returned. Their use of humour was related to three key themes: facing a life-threatening situation, togetherness and communication, and living with the situation.
Depending on the aim, humour contributes variously through the stress-coping process within the distinctions of emotion-, problem- and meaning-focused coping. Humour served to relieve the anxiety burden, enhance problem-solving ability, safeguard important relationships, communicate difficult topics, regain identity and help significant others to cope, even enabling the richness of life to help living with the risk. Humour should be considered as a significant engaging coping strategy by which the cancer survivors seek to manage their situation throughout the illness trajectory.
幽默被视为应对生活压力时促进健康的应对策略。目的是阐明成年癌症幸存者如何从诊断到整个疾病过程中体验和评估幽默在日常生活中的重要性，并更广泛地理解幽默作为一种危及生命的疾病——癌症经历过程中压力应对过程的一部分。
采用社会叙事方法研究幽默故事及其在日常情境中的运用。对14名年龄在23 - 83岁之间、在诊断、确诊时间、预后和生活状况方面有各种经历的参与者进行了访谈。
参与者将幽默描述为有帮助的，并利用其应对困难情况或相关困扰的能力，尽管疾病过程中的波动与两个极端情况相吻合：幽默消失和幽默重现。他们对幽默的运用与三个关键主题相关：面对危及生命的情况、团结与沟通以及与现状共处。
根据目的不同，幽默在以情绪、问题和意义为重点的应对方式的区分中，通过压力应对过程发挥不同作用。幽默有助于减轻焦虑负担、提高解决问题的能力、维护重要关系、交流困难话题、恢复身份认同并帮助重要他人应对，甚至能让生活的丰富多彩帮助应对风险。幽默应被视为癌症幸存者在整个疾病过程中试图应对自身状况的一种重要参与性应对策略。
