Johnston Rich D, Gabbett Tim J, Jenkins David G
School of Exercise Science, Australian Catholic University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2015 Nov;10(8):1001-8. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2015-0005. Epub 2015 Mar 10.
To assess the influence of playing standard and physical fitness on pacing strategies during a junior team-sport tournament.
A between-groups, repeated-measures design was used. Twenty-eight junior team-sport players (age 16.6 ± 0.5 y, body mass 79.9 ± 12.0 kg) from a high-standard and low-standard team participated in a junior rugby league tournament, competing in 5 games over 4 d (4 × 40-min and 1 × 50-min game). Players wore global positioning system (GPS) microtechnology during each game to provide information on match activity profiles. The Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test (level 1) was used to assess physical fitness before the competition.
High-standard players had an initially higher pacing strategy than the low-standard players, covering greater distances at high (ES = 1.32) and moderate speed (ES = 1.41) in game 1 and moderate speed (ES = 1.55) in game 2. However, low-standard players increased their playing intensity across the competition (ES = 0.57-2.04). High-standard/high-fitness players maintained a similar playing intensity, whereas high-standard/low-fitness players reduced their playing intensities across the competition.
Well-developed physical fitness allows for a higher-intensity pacing strategy that can be maintained throughout a tournament. High-standard/low-fitness players reduce playing intensity, most likely due to increased levels of fatigue as the competition progresses. Low-standard players adopt a pacing strategy that allows them to conserve energy to produce an "end spurt" in the latter games. Maximizing endurance fitness across an entire playing group will maximize playing intensity and minimize performance reductions during the latter stages of a tournament.
评估在青少年团队运动比赛中比赛水平和身体素质对配速策略的影响。
采用组间重复测量设计。来自一支高水平和一支低水平球队的28名青少年团队运动运动员（年龄16.6±0.5岁，体重79.9±12.0千克）参加了一场青少年橄榄球联赛锦标赛，在4天内进行5场比赛（4场40分钟和1场50分钟的比赛）。每场比赛期间，运动员佩戴全球定位系统（GPS）微技术设备以提供比赛活动概况信息。在比赛前使用Yo-Yo间歇恢复测试（第1级）来评估身体素质。
高水平运动员最初的配速策略高于低水平运动员，在第1场比赛中以高速（效应量=1.32）和中速（效应量=1.41）以及在第2场比赛中以中速（效应量=1.55）跑了更远的距离。然而，低水平运动员在整个比赛过程中提高了他们的比赛强度（效应量=0.57 - 2.04）。高水平/高身体素质的运动员保持了相似的比赛强度，而高水平/低身体素质的运动员在整个比赛过程中降低了他们的比赛强度。
良好的身体素质有助于采用更高强度的配速策略，并且可以在整个锦标赛中保持。高水平/低身体素质的运动员降低比赛强度，很可能是由于随着比赛的进行疲劳程度增加。低水平运动员采用一种配速策略，使他们能够保存能量以便在后面的比赛中产生“冲刺”。在整个参赛群体中最大化耐力素质将使比赛强度最大化，并在锦标赛后期最小化成绩下降。
