Wang Peng, Meng Fan-Lu, Zeng Zhi, Wang Wei-Ping, Sheng Yan, Feng Jin-Chao, Zhou Yi-Jun, Xue Da-Yuan, Meng Xiu-Xiang
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2014 Sep;25(9):2529-35.
In July and August of 2012 and 2013, habitat selection and use patterns of reindeer were studied using both line and strip-transect surveys. Twenty-three habitat factors were measured and compared in known reindeer range areas in northwestern China. A total of 72 sampling sites were designated as being used by reindeer, and 162 sites were designated as unused control plots. The results indicated that, compared to the non-used habitat plots, reindeer selected summer habitats with higher values in altitude (26.9 ± 0.8 m), arbor canopy (17.9% ± 2.4%), arbor DBH (35.5 ± 2.1 cm), arbor height (8.2 ± 0.5 m), arbor density (6.9 ± 0.5 ind · 400 m(-2)) and stump quan- tity (1.3 ± 0.2 ind · 400 m(-2)), and with a lower shrub height (54.2 ± 2.0 cm). Moreover, reindeer also selected habitats at intermediate positions of intermediate slope gradient, which provided good water accessibility, more distance from human disturbance and herder influence, but bad concealment and lee condition. Results of the principal component analysis showed that the disturbance intensity (i. e. residential dispersion, anthropogenic-disturbance dispersion), arbor characteristics (arbor height and arbor density, arbor DBH and arbor canopy), geography characteristics (i. e. slope position, slope aspect and soil moisture), food abundance (ground-plant cover and shrub cover), openness (concealment and lee condition) and slope gradient were the most important factors influencing the habitat selection of reindeer in summer. In summary, the summer habitat selection of reindeer is a multidimensional process, through which reindeer adapt according to their ecological needs of food resources, safety and anti-predation. Furthermore, the pattern of habitat selection of reindeer showed that reindeer in China has not yet been domesticated, and reindeer populations and their core habitats should be conserved from intensive disturbance.
2012年和2013年的7月及8月，利用线路和样带调查研究了驯鹿的栖息地选择和利用模式。在中国西北部已知的驯鹿分布区域，对23个栖息地因子进行了测量和比较。总共指定了72个驯鹿使用的采样点，以及162个未使用的对照样地。结果表明，与未使用的栖息地样地相比，驯鹿选择的夏季栖息地海拔更高（26.9±0.8米）、乔木冠层更高（17.9%±2.4%）、乔木胸径更大（35.5±2.1厘米）、乔木高度更高（8.2±0.5米）、乔木密度更大（6.9±0.5株·400平方米⁻¹）、树桩数量更多（1.3±0.2株·400平方米⁻¹），而灌木高度更低（54.2±2.0厘米）。此外，驯鹿还选择了中等坡度梯度中间位置的栖息地，这些栖息地水源可达性好，距离人类干扰和牧民影响较远，但隐蔽性和背风条件较差。主成分分析结果表明，干扰强度（即居民分布、人为干扰分布）、乔木特征（乔木高度和乔木密度、乔木胸径和乔木冠层）、地理特征（即坡位、坡向和土壤湿度）、食物丰富度（地面植物覆盖和灌木覆盖）、开阔度（隐蔽性和背风条件）和坡度梯度是影响驯鹿夏季栖息地选择的最重要因素。综上所述，驯鹿夏季栖息地选择是一个多维度过程，驯鹿通过该过程根据其对食物资源、安全和抗捕食的生态需求进行适应。此外，驯鹿的栖息地选择模式表明，中国的驯鹿尚未被驯化，应保护驯鹿种群及其核心栖息地免受强烈干扰。
