Ledoux Kerry, Coderre Emily, Bosley Laura, Buz Esteban, Gangopadhyay Ishanti, Gordon Barry
Cognitive Neurology/Neuropsychology Division, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Cognitive Neurology/Neuropsychology, Johns Hopkins University, 1629 Thames St. Ste. 350, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA.
Behav Res Methods. 2016 Mar;48(1):285-305. doi: 10.3758/s13428-015-0571-6.
Recent years have seen the advent and proliferation of the use of implicit techniques to study learning and cognition. One such application is the use of event-related potentials (ERPs) to assess receptive vocabulary knowledge. Other implicit assessment techniques that may be well-suited to other testing situations or to use with varied participant groups have not been used as widely to study receptive vocabulary knowledge. We sought to develop additional implicit techniques to study receptive vocabulary knowledge that could augment the knowledge gained from the use of the ERP technique. Specifically, we used a simple forced-choice paradigm to assess receptive vocabulary knowledge in normal adult participants using eye movement monitoring (EM) and pupillometry. In the same group of participants, we also used an N400 semantic incongruity ERP paradigm to assess their knowledge of two groups of words: those expected to be known to the participants (high-frequency, familiar words) and those expected to be unknown (low-frequency, unfamiliar words). All three measures showed reliable differences between the known and unknown words. EM and pupillometry thus may provide insight into receptive vocabulary knowledge similar to that from ERPs. The development of additional implicit assessment techniques may increase the feasibility of receptive vocabulary testing across a wider range of participant groups and testing situations, and may make the conduct of such testing more accessible to a wider range of researchers, clinicians, and educators.
近年来，用于研究学习和认知的内隐技术应运而生并不断扩散。其中一种应用是使用事件相关电位（ERP）来评估接受性词汇知识。其他可能适用于其他测试情境或不同参与者群体的内隐评估技术，在研究接受性词汇知识方面尚未得到广泛应用。我们试图开发更多内隐技术来研究接受性词汇知识，以补充通过ERP技术获得的知识。具体而言，我们使用简单的强制选择范式，通过眼动监测（EM）和瞳孔测量法来评估正常成年参与者的接受性词汇知识。在同一组参与者中，我们还使用N400语义不一致ERP范式来评估他们对两组单词的知识：一组是预计参与者已知的单词（高频、熟悉的单词），另一组是预计未知单词（低频、不熟悉的单词）。所有这三种测量方法都显示已知单词和未知单词之间存在可靠的差异。因此，眼动监测和瞳孔测量法可能会提供与ERP类似的对接受性词汇知识的洞察。更多内隐评估技术的开发可能会增加在更广泛的参与者群体和测试情境中进行接受性词汇测试的可行性，并可能使更广泛的研究人员、临床医生和教育工作者能够进行此类测试。
