1 Section Ear & Hearing, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, the Netherlands.
2 Linnaeus Centre HEAD, The Swedish Institute for Disability Research, Sweden.
Trends Hear. 2018 Jan-Dec;22:2331216518777174. doi: 10.1177/2331216518777174.
The measurement of cognitive resource allocation during listening, or listening effort, provides valuable insight in the factors influencing auditory processing. In recent years, many studies inside and outside the field of hearing science have measured the pupil response evoked by auditory stimuli. The aim of the current review was to provide an exhaustive overview of these studies. The 146 studies included in this review originated from multiple domains, including hearing science and linguistics, but the review also covers research into motivation, memory, and emotion. The present review provides a unique overview of these studies and is organized according to the components of the Framework for Understanding Effortful Listening. A summary table presents the sample characteristics, an outline of the study design, stimuli, the pupil parameters analyzed, and the main findings of each study. The results indicate that the pupil response is sensitive to various task manipulations as well as interindividual differences. Many of the findings have been replicated. Frequent interactions between the independent factors affecting the pupil response have been reported, which indicates complex processes underlying cognitive resource allocation. This complexity should be taken into account in future studies that should focus more on interindividual differences, also including older participants. This review facilitates the careful design of new studies by indicating the factors that should be controlled for. In conclusion, measuring the pupil dilation response to auditory stimuli has been demonstrated to be sensitive method applicable to numerous research questions. The sensitivity of the measure calls for carefully designed stimuli.
在听力过程中测量认知资源分配，或听力努力程度，可以深入了解影响听觉处理的因素。近年来，听力科学领域内外的许多研究都测量了听觉刺激引起的瞳孔反应。本综述的目的是提供这些研究的全面概述。本综述共纳入 146 项研究，这些研究源自多个领域，包括听力科学和语言学，但也涵盖了动机、记忆和情感方面的研究。本综述提供了这些研究的独特概述，并根据《努力倾听的理解框架》的组成部分进行了组织。一个总结表列出了每个研究的样本特征、研究设计概述、刺激、分析的瞳孔参数以及主要发现。结果表明，瞳孔反应对各种任务操作以及个体间差异都很敏感。许多发现已经得到了复制。经常报告影响瞳孔反应的独立因素之间存在相互作用，这表明认知资源分配的背后存在复杂的过程。未来的研究应该更关注个体间差异，包括老年人参与者，应考虑到这种复杂性。本综述通过指出应控制的因素，为精心设计新研究提供了便利。总之，测量听觉刺激引起的瞳孔扩张反应已被证明是一种敏感的方法，适用于许多研究问题。该测量方法的敏感性要求精心设计刺激。
