Nader M A, Barrett J E
Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814.
Peptides. 1989 Nov-Dec;10(6):1199-204. doi: 10.1016/0196-9781(89)90013-2.
The effects of intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of ovine CRF (0.1-30.0 micrograms/kg), dermorphin (0.3-30.0 micrograms/kg) and tuftsin (10-3000 micrograms/kg) were examined in squirrel monkeys trained to respond under a multiple 3-min fixed-interval schedule of food presentation and either shock presentation or stimulus-shock termination. Initial administration of the 41-amino acid polypeptide CRF increased food-maintained responding by 150-200% in 2 of 3 subjects. However, no other doses tested affected response rates, a result that may have been due to the rapid development of tolerance. The tetrapeptide tuftsin selectively increased responding maintained by food presentation at doses that decreased shock-maintained responding. The heptapeptide dermorphin selectively increased food-maintained responding when responding in the other component of the multiple schedule was maintained by shock presentation. When responding was maintained by a multiple food, stimulus-shock termination schedule, dermorphin decreased response rates in both components. Dermorphin's rate increases were blocked by the opiate antagonist naloxone, indicating that dermorphin's actions were mediated through the opiate receptor. These results indicate that the behavioral effects of tuftsin, dermorphin, and perhaps CRF, depend on the manner in which responding is controlled by its consequences. While the actions of tuftsin and dermorphin are believed to be mediated through the opiate system, the behavioral effects observed in primates appear different from the effects of morphine under similar schedule conditions.
在松鼠猴中进行了脑室注射（ICV）绵羊促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子（CRF，0.1 - 30.0微克/千克）、皮啡肽（0.3 - 30.0微克/千克）和促吞噬肽（10 - 3000微克/千克）的效果研究，这些松鼠猴经过训练，能在食物呈现和电击呈现或刺激 - 电击终止的3分钟多重固定间隔时间表下做出反应。最初给予41个氨基酸的多肽CRF，在3只受试动物中的2只中，使食物维持的反应增加了150 - 200%。然而，测试的其他剂量均未影响反应率，这一结果可能是由于耐受性的快速发展所致。四肽促吞噬肽在降低电击维持反应的剂量下，选择性地增加了由食物呈现维持的反应。当多重时间表的另一部分中的反应由电击呈现维持时，七肽皮啡肽选择性地增加了食物维持的反应。当反应由食物、刺激 - 电击终止的多重时间表维持时，皮啡肽降低了两个部分的反应率。皮啡肽的反应率增加被阿片拮抗剂纳洛酮阻断，表明皮啡肽的作用是通过阿片受体介导的。这些结果表明，促吞噬肽、皮啡肽以及可能的CRF的行为效应取决于反应由其后果控制的方式。虽然促吞噬肽和皮啡肽的作用被认为是通过阿片系统介导的，但在灵长类动物中观察到的行为效应似乎与在类似时间表条件下吗啡的效应不同。
