Yekkour Amine, Toumatia Omrane, Meklat Atika, Verheecke Carol, Sabaou Nasserdine, Zitouni Abdelghani, Mathieu Florence
Laboratoire de Biologie des Systèmes Microbiens (LBSM), Ecole Normale Supérieure de Kouba, Alger, Algeria.
World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2015 Jun;31(6):875-81. doi: 10.1007/s11274-015-1841-2. Epub 2015 Mar 13.
The cereal-pathogenic Fusarium culmorum (W.G. Smith), causal agent of various blights and rot diseases, is considered as a chronic fungus of economic concern worldwide including North African countries such as Algeria. This pathogen produces a wide range of mycotoxins, amongst which the type B-trichothecene deoxynivalenol (DON). In addition to its acute and chronic side effects in livestock and humans, DON is believed to play a determinant role in the pathogenesis toward Triticeae. However, regardless its significant occurrence and impact, little is known about trichothecenes-producing ability of F. culmorum infecting cereals in Algeria. The PCR assay based on Tri genes of 12 F. culmorum strains (designated Fc1-Fc12), which were recovered from several cropping areas of North Algeria, revealed their trichothecenes-producing ability with 3-AcDON genotype. The molecular prediction was confirmed by HPLC analysis. All strains were able to produce the toxin at detectable levels. Strains Fc1 and Fc12 were the highest producers of this mycotoxin with 220 and 230 µg g(-1), respectively. The evaluation of pathogenic ability of strains through a barley infesting experiment exhibited the significant disease impact of most strains. Significant correlation between the DON-producing ability of strains and the increase in both disease severity (r = 0.88, P = 0.05) and disease occurrence (r = 0.70, P = 0.05) was observed. Chemotyping of F. culmorum isolates and evaluation of their pathogenic ability are reported for the first time for isolates from Algeria, and highlights the important potential of F. culmorum to contaminate cultivated cereal with DON trichothecenes.
谷物致病真菌禾谷镰刀菌（W.G. 史密斯）是多种枯萎病和腐烂病的病原体，在包括阿尔及利亚等北非国家在内的全球范围内，被视为一种具有经济影响的常见真菌。这种病原菌会产生多种霉菌毒素，其中包括B型单端孢霉烯族毒素脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）。除了对牲畜和人类具有急慢性副作用外，DON被认为在对小麦的致病过程中起决定性作用。然而，尽管其广泛存在并具有影响，但对于阿尔及利亚感染谷物的禾谷镰刀菌产生单端孢霉烯族毒素的能力却知之甚少。基于从阿尔及利亚北部几个种植区分离出的12株禾谷镰刀菌菌株（命名为Fc1 - Fc12）的Tri基因进行的PCR检测，揭示了它们具有产生3 - AcDON基因型单端孢霉烯族毒素的能力。通过高效液相色谱分析证实了分子预测结果。所有菌株都能产生可检测水平的毒素。菌株Fc1和Fc12是这种霉菌毒素的最高产生者，分别为220和230 μg g(-1)。通过大麦侵染实验对菌株致病能力的评估显示，大多数菌株对病害有显著影响。观察到菌株产生DON的能力与病害严重程度的增加（r = 0.88，P = 0.05）和病害发生率的增加（r = 0.70，P = 0.05）之间存在显著相关性。首次报道了阿尔及利亚分离株的禾谷镰刀菌化学分型及其致病能力评估，突出了禾谷镰刀菌用DON单端孢霉烯族毒素污染栽培谷物的重要可能性。
