Quarta A, Mita G, Haidukowski M, Santino A, Mulè G, Visconti A
Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), Lecce, Italy.
Food Addit Contam. 2005 Apr;22(4):309-15. doi: 10.1080/02652030500058361.
Fusarium trichothecenes are a group of fungal toxic metabolites whose synthesis requires the action of gene products from three different genetic loci. We evaluated, both chemically and by PCR assays, 55 isolates of Fusarium culmorum from eight European countries and different host plants for their ability to produce trichothecenes. Specific sequences in the Tri6-Tri5 intergenic region were associated with deoxynivalenol production. Sequences in the Tri3 gene were also associated with deoxynivalenol production and specific primer sets were selected from these sequences to identify 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol or 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol chemotypes. Specific sequences in the Tri5 and Tri7 genes were associated with the nivalenol chemotype but not with the deoxynivalenol chemotype. Two chemotypes were identified by chemical analysis and confirmed by PCR. Strains of the nivalenol chemotype produced nivalenol (up to 260 microg g(-1)) and 4-acetyl-nivalenol (up to 60 microg g(-1)), strains with the 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol chemotype produced deoxynivalenol (up to 1700 microg g(-1)) and 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (up to 600 microg g(-1)). Three strains of F. culmorum from France, previously reported as 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol producers, had the 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol chemotype. The results are consistent with data from other European countries on the occurrence of the nivalenol and 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol chemotypes and provide support for the hypothesis that European isolates of F. culmorum producing deoxynivalenol belong only to the 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol chemotype. The production of trichothecenes from F. culmorum isolates from walnut (3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol chemotype) and leek (nivalenol chemotype) is reported for the first time.
镰刀菌单端孢霉烯族毒素是一类真菌毒性代谢产物，其合成需要来自三个不同基因位点的基因产物发挥作用。我们通过化学分析和聚合酶链式反应（PCR）检测，对来自八个欧洲国家及不同寄主植物的55株禾谷镰刀菌分离株产生单端孢霉烯族毒素的能力进行了评估。Tri6 - Tri5基因间区域的特定序列与脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇的产生相关。Tri3基因中的序列也与脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇的产生相关，并且从这些序列中选择了特异性引物对来鉴定3 - 乙酰基 - 脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇或15 - 乙酰基 - 脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇化学型。Tri5和Tri7基因中的特定序列与雪腐镰刀菌烯醇化学型相关，但与脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇化学型无关。通过化学分析鉴定出两种化学型，并经PCR确认。雪腐镰刀菌烯醇化学型的菌株产生雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（最高可达260微克/克）和4 - 乙酰基 - 雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（最高可达60微克/克），3 - 乙酰基 - 脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇化学型的菌株产生脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（最高可达1700微克/克）和3 - 乙酰基 - 脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（最高可达600微克/克）。之前报道为15 - 乙酰基 - 脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇产生菌的来自法国的三株禾谷镰刀菌具有3 - 乙酰基 - 脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇化学型。这些结果与其他欧洲国家关于雪腐镰刀菌烯醇和3 - 乙酰基 - 脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇化学型出现情况的数据一致，并支持了以下假说：欧洲产生脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇的禾谷镰刀菌分离株仅属于3 - 乙酰基 - 脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇化学型。首次报道了来自核桃（3 - 乙酰基 - 脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇化学型）和韭菜（雪腐镰刀菌烯醇化学型）的禾谷镰刀菌分离株产生单端孢霉烯族毒素的情况。
