Akleeva A V
Radiats Biol Radioecol. 2014 May-Jun;54(3):241-55.
The new ICRP recommendations (Publication 118) are devoted to reactions of human tissues to acute, chronic and fractionated radiation. It is currently obvious that the reactions of tissues to ionizing radiation exposures are predetermined not only by the dose and dose rate, they may be altered under the impact of multiple biological modifiers (antioxidants, cytotoxins, growth factors etc.), are dependent on the age, initial state of the tissues, organs, and the genetic characteristics of the patient's organism. The manuscript addresses the mechanisms inducing tissue reactions to irradiation, and presents the current estimates of dose threshold values for the tissue reactions associated with fractionated irradiation. It has been noted that fractionated irradiation induces, as a rule, less manifested effects compared to those induced by equal doses of acute irradiation. For the first time, the threshold doses for induction of cardio-vascular and cerebrovascular diseases have been estimated. The thresholds doses for cataract induction have been revised. A considerable attention has been given to tissue reaction modifiers which are represented by different groups of compounds, and can be used as prophylactic, palliative or remedial agents in radiation therapy.
国际放射防护委员会（ICRP）的新建议（第118号出版物）致力于研究人体组织对急性、慢性和分次辐射的反应。目前很明显，组织对电离辐射暴露的反应不仅由剂量和剂量率预先决定，它们还可能在多种生物修饰剂（抗氧化剂、细胞毒素、生长因子等）的影响下发生改变，并且取决于年龄、组织和器官的初始状态以及患者机体的遗传特征。该手稿阐述了诱导组织对辐射产生反应的机制，并给出了与分次照射相关的组织反应剂量阈值的当前估计值。已经注意到，与同等剂量的急性照射相比，分次照射通常会引起不太明显的效应。首次估计了诱发心血管和脑血管疾病的阈值剂量。修订了诱发白内障的阈值剂量。人们对组织反应修饰剂给予了相当大的关注，这些修饰剂由不同的化合物组代表，并且可以在放射治疗中用作预防、姑息或治疗药物。
