Zettler Ingo, Lang Jonas W B, Hülsheger Ute R, Hilbig Benjamin E
University of Copenhagen.
Ghent University.
J Pers. 2016 Aug;84(4):461-72. doi: 10.1111/jopy.12172. Epub 2015 Apr 23.
Research suggests that respondents vary in their tendency to use the response scale of typical (Likert-style) questionnaires. We study the nature of the response process by applying a recently introduced item response theory modeling procedure, the three-process model, to data of self- and observer reports of personality traits. The three-process model captures indifferent, directional, and extreme responding. Substantively, we hypothesize that, and test whether, trait Honesty-Humility is negatively linked to extreme responding. We applied the three-process model to personality data of 577 dyads (self- and observer reports of the HEXACO Personality Inventory-Revised; Lee & Ashton, ) of Dutch and German undergraduate respondents. First, we provide evidence that indifferent, directional, and extreme responding can be separated from each other in personality data through the use of the three-process model. Second, we show that the various response processes show a pattern of correlations across traits and rating sources which is in line with the idea that indifferent and extreme responding are person-specific tendencies, whereas directional responding is content-specific. Third, we report findings supporting the hypothesis that Honesty-Humility is negatively linked to extreme responding. In Likert-based personality data, applying the three-process model can unveil individual differences in the response process.
研究表明，受访者在使用典型（李克特式）问卷的反应量表时倾向各异。我们通过将最近引入的项目反应理论建模程序——三过程模型，应用于人格特质的自我报告和他人报告数据，来研究反应过程的本质。三过程模型涵盖无差别反应、定向反应和极端反应。实质上，我们假设并检验特质诚实-谦逊是否与极端反应呈负相关。我们将三过程模型应用于577对荷兰和德国本科受访者的人格数据（《修订版HEXACO人格量表》的自我报告和他人报告；Lee & Ashton）。首先，我们提供证据表明，通过使用三过程模型，可以在人格数据中将无差别反应、定向反应和极端反应彼此区分开来。其次，我们表明，各种反应过程在特质和评分来源之间呈现出一种相关模式，这与以下观点一致：无差别反应和极端反应是因人而异的倾向，而定向反应则是因内容而异的。第三，我们报告的研究结果支持了诚实-谦逊与极端反应呈负相关的假设。在基于李克特量表的人格数据中，应用三过程模型可以揭示反应过程中的个体差异。
