Sherzai Ayesha Z, Elkind Mitchell S V
Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2015 Mar;1338:1-15. doi: 10.1111/nyas.12723.
Stroke remains to be a leading cause of disability. However, optimal strategies can prevent up to 80% of strokes. A large body of evidence supports many strategies for primary and secondary prevention of stroke. The purpose of this paper is to highlight recent major advances for management of modifiable medical and behavioral risk factors of stroke. Specific studies are highlighted, including those related to atrial fibrillation (AF), hypertension, revascularization, hyperlipidemia, antiplatelets, smoking, diet, and physical activity. Effective strategies include the use of novel oral anticoagulants for AF, antiplatelet therapy, and intensive lowering of atherosclerosis risk factors.
中风仍然是导致残疾的主要原因。然而，最佳策略可预防高达80%的中风。大量证据支持多种中风一级和二级预防策略。本文的目的是强调中风可改变的医学和行为风险因素管理方面的近期主要进展。重点介绍了具体研究，包括与心房颤动（AF）、高血压、血运重建、高脂血症、抗血小板治疗、吸烟、饮食和体育活动相关的研究。有效策略包括使用新型口服抗凝剂治疗AF、抗血小板治疗以及强化降低动脉粥样硬化风险因素。
