Humaid Al-Humaid I, Ashraf Abou-Halawa S, Masood Khan A, Nuha Al-Hamamah Salem, Saleh Al Duways Ali, Awadh Alanazi Mohammed
Qassim university, College of Medicine, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Qassim, KSA.
Suez Canal University, College of Medicine. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ismailia, Egypt.
Int J Health Sci (Qassim). 2014 Oct;8(4):325-34.
To determine the prevalence of otitis media with effusion (OME) among school children in Qassim region of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and to determine relevant risk factors in affected children.
Through a cross-sectional study, 1488 children in the age range 6-12 years were randomly selected from 25 primary schools in Qassim region. A questionnaire was used to determine risk factors for OME. Otoscopy and tympanometry were used to diagnose and confirm OME. Pure tone average for children with confirmed OME was measured. Teachers of children were asked to complete a questionnaire evaluating child's level of school performance.
Prevalence of OME in the study population was 7.5% (112/1488). In univariate analysis, it was strongly associated with age less than 8 years (p< 0.0001; OR= 4.23, 95% CI: 2.85-6.29 ), family size more than 4 members in the household((p<0.0001; OR= 4.45, 95% CI: 2.23-8.88), mother education less than secondary school education (p<0.0001; OR=2.2, 95% CI: 1.47-3.29), recurrent acute otitis media (AOM) (p<0.0001; OR=5.73, 95% CI: 3.47-9.45), and hearing loss symptom (p< 0.0001; OR= 3.39, 95% CI: 1.92-5.99). It is less strongly associated with history of preschool AOM (p= 0.002; OR= 3.15, 95% CI: 1.67-5.97), nasal discharge (p= 0.003; OR= 1.91, 95% CI: 1.24-2.93) and snoring (p=0.03; OR= 1.76, 95% CI: 1.06-2.94). OME was significantly higher in schools located in rural districts (p<0.001, OR= 2.82, 95% CI: 1.86-4.28). In multivariate regression model, five of these factors were found to be predictors of OME: age less than 8 years (OR= 5.052, 95% CI:3.289-7.762), family size more than4 members in the household) (OR= 4.192, 95% CI: 2.033-8.643), rural school district (OR=3.037, 95% CI: 1.933-4.772), mother education lower than secondary school education) (OR=2.041, 95% CI:1.602-3.877) and recurrent AOM (OR=4.914, 95% CI: 2.677-9.02). Children with OME tend to have poorer school performance compared to normal children (p=0.067). No significant correlation was found between OME and type of feeding during the first two years of life (p=0.62; OR= 0.87, 95% CI: 0.51-1.49), preschool daycare attendance (p=0.17; OR= 0.71, 95% CI: 0.44-1.16), home exposure to cigarette smoke (p=0.4; OR= 1.34, 95% CI:0.68-2.65), visits to ENT clinic (p=0.13; OR= 0.58, 95% CI:0.29-1.18), and ENT operations (p=0.12; OR= 0.46, 95% CI: 0.17-1.27).
Prevalence of OME in Qassim region reaches 7.5% in school children. Age less than 8 years, family size more than 4 members in the household, mother education less than secondary school education, living in rural area and recurrent AOM are found to be predictors of OME in Qassim region. In this population of children, otoscopy and tympanometry should be used as screening tools for OME.
确定沙特阿拉伯王国卡西姆地区学龄儿童中耳积液（OME）的患病率，并确定患病儿童的相关风险因素。
通过一项横断面研究，从卡西姆地区的25所小学中随机选取1488名6至12岁的儿童。使用问卷调查来确定OME的风险因素。耳镜检查和鼓室导抗图用于诊断和确认OME。对确诊为OME的儿童测量纯音平均听阈。要求儿童的教师填写一份评估孩子学习成绩水平的问卷。
研究人群中OME的患病率为7.5%（112/1488）。单因素分析显示，它与8岁以下年龄（p<0.0001；OR=4.23，95%CI：2.85 - 6.29）、家庭人口数超过4人（p<0.0001；OR=4.45，95%CI：2.23 - 8.88）、母亲教育程度低于中学教育（p<0.0001；OR=2.2，95%CI：1.47 - 3.29）、复发性急性中耳炎（AOM）（p<0.0001；OR=5.73，95%CI：3.47 - 9.45）以及听力损失症状（p<0.0001；OR=3.39，95%CI：1.92 - 5.99）密切相关。与学前AOM病史（p = 0.002；OR = 3.15，95%CI：1.67 - 5.97）、流涕（p = 0.003；OR = 1.91，95%CI：1.24 - 2.93）和打鼾（p = 0.03；OR = 1.76，95%CI：1.06 - 2.94）的相关性较弱。农村地区学校的OME患病率显著更高（p<0.001，OR = 2.82，95%CI：1.86 - 4.28）。在多因素回归模型中，发现其中五个因素是OME的预测因素：8岁以下年龄（OR = 5.052，95%CI：3.289 - 7.762）、家庭人口数超过4人（OR = 4.192，95%CI：2.033 - 8.
