Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria.
Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Calabar, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria.
Niger J Clin Pract. 2024 Apr 1;27(4):435-441. doi: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_499_23. Epub 2024 Apr 29.
Predisposing factors for otitis media with effusion are multifactorial, ranging from genetic and anatomical abnormalities to environmental factors and inflammation of the nose and adjacent structures.
The study determined the risk factors for otitis media with effusion (OME) among children in Calabar Municipality.
This was a descriptive, cross-sectional, community-based study including children aged 1-10 years randomly selected from government and privately owned daycares, nurseries (preschool), and primary schools. The risk factors assessed included upper respiratory tract infection, allergic rhinitis, adenoid enlargement, acute otitis media, recurrent acute otitis media parental educational level, overcrowding (four children sleeping in a room), duration of breastfeeding, cleft palate, and Down's syndrome. Allergic rhinitis was diagnosed when a child had at least two of the rhinological symptoms: nasal congestion, running nose, sneezing, itching of the eye or nose, and at least one of the following: history of allergy, family history of allergy, and positive history of asthma. The questionnaire was the research instrument used to assess the risk factors for OME. OME diagnosis was made with otoscopy and tympanometry. Data were collected and analyzed with IBM SPSS version 25, and a P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
A total of 24 daycare pupils, 141 nursery pupils, and 155 primary pupils were recruited into the study. The prevalence of otitis media with effusion was more in younger children than in older children and the relationship was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Female children were more statistically affected than male children (P = 0.007). Children with allergic rhinitis accounted for a higher proportion of those with OME than those without allergic rhinitis (26.7% vs. 11.6%), and the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.007). The association between OME and upper respiratory tract infection, acute otitis media, and recurrent acute otitis media was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Multivariate binary logistic regression was used to identify predictors for the otitis media with effusion.
There are many endogenous and exogenous risk factors for OME, but notable risk factors in our study were age 1-2 years, female sex, and allergic rhinitis.
分泌性中耳炎的致病因素有多种，包括遗传和解剖异常、环境因素以及鼻部和邻近结构的炎症。
本研究旨在确定喀麦隆市儿童分泌性中耳炎（OME）的危险因素。
这是一项描述性、横断面、以社区为基础的研究，包括从政府和私人日托、托儿所（幼儿园）和小学随机选择的 1-10 岁儿童。评估的危险因素包括上呼吸道感染、过敏性鼻炎、腺样体肿大、急性中耳炎、复发性急性中耳炎、父母的教育水平、过度拥挤（四个孩子睡在一个房间）、母乳喂养时间、腭裂和唐氏综合征。当孩子至少有两个以下鼻科症状：鼻塞、流鼻涕、打喷嚏、眼睛或鼻子发痒，且至少有以下一个病史：过敏史、过敏家族史和哮喘阳性史时，就会被诊断为过敏性鼻炎。问卷调查是评估 OME 危险因素的研究工具。使用耳镜和鼓室压测量法进行 OME 诊断。使用 IBM SPSS 版本 25 收集和分析数据，P 值<0.05 被认为具有统计学意义。
共招募了 24 名日托学生、141 名幼儿园学生和 155 名小学生参加研究。与年龄较大的儿童相比，年龄较小的儿童分泌性中耳炎的患病率更高，且这种关系具有统计学意义（P<0.001）。女性儿童受影响的比例明显高于男性儿童（P=0.007）。患有过敏性鼻炎的儿童患 OME 的比例高于没有过敏性鼻炎的儿童（26.7%比 11.6%），差异具有统计学意义（P=0.007）。OME 与上呼吸道感染、急性中耳炎和复发性急性中耳炎之间的关联无统计学意义（P>0.05）。使用多元二项逻辑回归来确定 OME 的预测因素。
OME 有许多内源性和外源性危险因素，但在我们的研究中，显著的危险因素是 1-2 岁年龄、女性性别和过敏性鼻炎。
