Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CONRAD, Eastern Virginia Medical School, 1911 North Fort Myer Drive Suite 900, Arlington, VA, 22209, USA,
Drug Deliv Transl Res. 2011 Jun;1(3):185-93. doi: 10.1007/s13346-011-0024-4.
Intravaginal rings (IVRs) are a dosage form used to locally or systemically deliver drugs in the vagina. They are capable of releasing one or more drugs over an extended period of time (from several weeks to a year or longer). Contraceptive IVRs are currently gaining popularity due to the success of the contraceptive product NuvaRing®. Delivery of contraceptives from IVRs should promote compliance/adherence, and they also provide effective cycle control and symptom relief (menorrhagia, dysmenorrheal, and polycystic ovarian syndrome). Vaginal delivery of proteins from IVRs was first explored in an attempt to deliver IgG2a antibody intravaginally to neutralize herpes simplex virus 2. More recently, IVRs capable of releasing antibodies and recombinant proteins potentially along with low molecular weight microbicides are under investigation for prevention of HIV-1 transmission. Vaginal delivery of microbicides has been studied with several drugs most notably the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor dapivirine. Another drug capable of blocking transmission of HIV-1 when released from IVRs is tenofovir. Finally, combinations of drugs with different indications (i.e., multipurpose prevention technologies) are actively being pursued.
阴道环（IVR）是一种用于在阴道局部或全身给药的剂型。它们能够在延长的时间内（从数周到一年或更长时间）释放一种或多种药物。由于避孕产品 NuvaRing®的成功，避孕用 IVR 目前越来越受欢迎。从 IVR 中输送避孕药应该会提高（患者的）依从性/顺应性，而且它们还能有效控制周期并缓解症状（月经过多、痛经和多囊卵巢综合征）。首次探索了通过 IVR 阴道输送蛋白质，以尝试将 IgG2a 抗体阴道内给药以中和单纯疱疹病毒 2。最近，正在研究能够释放抗体和重组蛋白以及低分子量杀微生物剂的 IVR，以预防 HIV-1 传播。已经用几种药物研究了阴道内递药，其中最著名的是非核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂地匹福韦。另一种能够从 IVR 释放时阻断 HIV-1 传播的药物是替诺福韦。最后，还积极探索具有不同适应症的药物组合（即多用途预防技术）。
