Kapgate S S, Barbuddhe S B, Kumanan K
Acta Virol. 2015 Mar;59(1):3-13. doi: 10.4149/av_2015_01_3.
Increased globalisation, climatic changes and wildlife-livestock interface led to emergence of novel viral pathogens or zoonoses that have become serious concern to avian, animal and human health. High biodiversity and bird migration facilitate spread of the pathogen and provide reservoirs for emerging infectious diseases. Current classical diagnostic methods designed to be virus-specific or aim to be limited to group of viral agents, hinder identifying of novel viruses or viral variants. Recently developed approaches of next-generation sequencing (NGS) provide culture-independent methods that are useful for understanding viral diversity and discovery of novel virus, thereby enabling a better diagnosis and disease control. This review discusses the different possible steps of a NGS study utilizing sequence-independent amplification, high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics approaches to identify novel avian viruses and their diversity. NGS lead to the identification of a wide range of new viruses such as picobirnavirus, picornavirus, orthoreovirus and avian gamma coronavirus associated with fulminating disease in guinea fowl and is also used in describing viral diversity among avian species. The review also briefly discusses areas of viral-host interaction and disease associated causalities with newly identified avian viruses.
全球化加剧、气候变化以及野生动物与家畜的接触导致了新型病毒病原体或人畜共患病的出现，这些已成为禽类、动物和人类健康的严重问题。高生物多样性和鸟类迁徙促进了病原体的传播，并为新兴传染病提供了宿主。目前设计用于特定病毒或局限于一组病毒病原体的传统诊断方法，阻碍了新型病毒或病毒变体的识别。最近开发的下一代测序（NGS）方法提供了不依赖培养的方法，有助于了解病毒多样性并发现新型病毒，从而实现更好的诊断和疾病控制。本综述讨论了利用不依赖序列的扩增、高通量测序和生物信息学方法进行NGS研究以识别新型禽病毒及其多样性的不同可能步骤。NGS已导致鉴定出多种新病毒，如与珍珠鸡暴发性疾病相关的微小双股RNA病毒、微小核糖核酸病毒、正呼肠孤病毒和禽γ冠状病毒，并且还用于描述禽类物种之间的病毒多样性。本综述还简要讨论了病毒-宿主相互作用领域以及与新鉴定的禽病毒相关的疾病因果关系。
