Gerdin J A, McDonough S P, Reisman R, Scarlett J
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine at Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine at Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
Vet Pathol. 2016 Sep;53(5):1087-94. doi: 10.1177/0300985815575049. Epub 2015 Mar 19.
The authors reviewed the case circumstances, population characteristics, gross, and histopathologic findings in 40 cases of emaciated dogs with a suspected diagnosis of starvation. The dogs' estimated age ranged from 3 months to geriatric. Nineteen breeds were represented, including small-breed (n = 11), large-breed (n = 13), and pit bull-type (n = 16) dogs. The median body condition score was 1 out of 9 (Purina scale). Various diseases were identified as the cause of death in 7 dogs, while the cause of death in the other 33 dogs was starvation due to exogenous causes (SEC). Circumstances associated exclusively with SEC included being found in a vacated residence and death during temperature extremes or severe weather. Dogs with SEC did not differ significantly from diseased dogs in body condition score, sex, neuter status, or breed category (small, large, or pit bull type). Gross findings associated exclusively with SEC included severe hair matting and traumatic injuries. Diseased dogs had an empty stomach significantly more often than SEC dogs, which frequently had food and/or foreign material in the stomach. In 5 of the 7 cases where disease was the cause of death, disease involved the gastrointestinal tract. Gross and histopathologic changes commonly found in SEC and diseased dogs included the following: gross loss of muscle mass and absence of subcuticular fat; serous atrophy of omental, perirenal, epicardial, and bone marrow fat; atrophy of the liver, skin, thyroid gland, and testicle; gastric mucosal petechiae and ecchymoses; melena; and splenic hemosiderophages.
作者回顾了40例疑似饥饿消瘦犬的病例情况、群体特征、大体及组织病理学检查结果。这些犬的估计年龄从3个月到老年不等。涵盖了19个品种，包括小型犬（n = 11）、大型犬（n = 13）和比特斗牛梗类型犬（n = 16）。中位身体状况评分为9分制（普瑞纳评分标准）中的1分。7只犬的死亡原因被确定为各种疾病，而其他33只犬的死亡原因是外因性饥饿（SEC）。与SEC唯一相关的情况包括在空宅中被发现以及在极端温度或恶劣天气期间死亡。患有SEC的犬在身体状况评分、性别、绝育状态或品种类别（小型、大型或比特斗牛梗类型）方面与患病犬没有显著差异。仅与SEC相关的大体检查结果包括严重的毛发缠结和外伤。患病犬空腹的情况明显比SEC犬更常见，SEC犬的胃中经常有食物和/或异物。在7例因疾病导致死亡的病例中，有5例疾病累及胃肠道。SEC犬和患病犬常见的大体及组织病理学变化包括：肌肉质量明显减少和皮下脂肪缺失；网膜、肾周、心外膜和骨髓脂肪的浆液性萎缩；肝脏、皮肤、甲状腺和睾丸萎缩；胃黏膜瘀点和瘀斑；黑便；以及脾含铁血黄素巨噬细胞。
