Oster Michael, Scheel Mathias, Muráni Eduard, Ponsuksili Siriluck, Zebunke Manuela, Puppe Birger, Wimmers Klaus
Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, Dummerstorf, Germany.
Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Behavioural Physiology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, Dummerstorf, Germany.
PLoS One. 2015 Mar 20;10(3):e0120153. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120153. eCollection 2015.
Defining phenotypes according to molecular features would promote the knowledge of functional traits like behaviour in both human and animal research. Beside physiological states or environmental factors, an innate predisposition of individual coping strategies was discussed, including the proactive and reactive pattern. According to backtest reactivity, animals assigned as high-resisting (proactive) and low-resisting (reactive) were immune challenged with tetanus toxoid in a time course experiment. Using the Affymetrix platform and qPCR, individual coping characteristics were reflected as gene expression signatures in porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) at naïve state (day 0) and in response to the model antigen (day 14, day 28, and day 140). Further, the blood cell count was analysed at all stages. On the transcriptional level, processes acting on cell communication, vasculogenesis, and blood coagulation were highlighted in high-resisting animals at naïve state (day 0), temporarily blurred due to immune challenge (day 14) but subsequently restored and intensified (day 28). Notably, similar amounts of white and red blood cells, platelets and haematocrit between high-resisting and low-resisting samples suggest coping-specific expression patterns rather than alterations in blood cell distribution. Taken together, the gene expression patterns indicate that proactive pigs might favour molecular pathways enabling an effective strategy for defence and recovery. This corroborates the previously suggested belief, that proactive animals are prone to an increased number of injuries as an evolutionary inherited mechanism. In contrast to previous assumptions, coping-specific immunity in pigs lacks inherited shifts between cellular and humoral immune responses.
根据分子特征定义表型将促进人类和动物研究中行为等功能性状的认知。除了生理状态或环境因素外，还讨论了个体应对策略的先天倾向，包括主动型和反应型模式。根据回测反应性，在一项时间进程实验中，将被归类为高抗性（主动型）和低抗性（反应型）的动物用破伤风类毒素进行免疫攻击。使用Affymetrix平台和定量聚合酶链反应（qPCR），个体应对特征在猪外周血单个核细胞（PBMC）处于初始状态（第0天）以及对模型抗原产生反应时（第14天、第28天和第140天）以基因表达特征的形式体现出来。此外，在所有阶段都对血细胞计数进行了分析。在转录水平上，处于初始状态（第0天）的高抗性动物中，参与细胞通讯、血管生成和血液凝固的过程得到突出体现，在免疫攻击（第14天）时暂时模糊，但随后恢复并增强（第28天）。值得注意的是，高抗性和低抗性样本之间的白细胞、红细胞、血小板和血细胞比容数量相似，这表明存在应对特异性表达模式，而非血细胞分布的改变。综上所述，基因表达模式表明主动型猪可能倾向于有利于防御和恢复有效策略的分子途径。这证实了先前提出的观点，即主动型动物作为一种进化遗传机制更容易受伤。与先前的假设相反，猪的应对特异性免疫在细胞免疫和体液免疫反应之间不存在遗传转变。
