Wensveen Paul J, von Benda-Beckmann Alexander M, Ainslie Michael A, Lam Frans-Peter A, Kvadsheim Petter H, Tyack Peter L, Miller Patrick J O
Sea Mammal Research Unit, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 8LB, United Kingdom; Acoustics & Sonar Research Group, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), PO Box 96864, The Hague, 2509 JG, The Netherlands.
Acoustics & Sonar Research Group, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), PO Box 96864, The Hague, 2509 JG, The Netherlands.
Mar Environ Res. 2015 May;106:68-81. doi: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2015.02.005. Epub 2015 Feb 24.
The behaviour of a marine mammal near a noise source can modulate the sound exposure it receives. We demonstrate that two long-finned pilot whales both surfaced in synchrony with consecutive arrivals of multiple sonar pulses. We then assess the effect of surfacing and other behavioural response strategies on the received cumulative sound exposure levels and maximum sound pressure levels (SPLs) by modelling realistic spatiotemporal interactions of a pilot whale with an approaching source. Under the propagation conditions of our model, some response strategies observed in the wild were effective in reducing received levels (e.g. movement perpendicular to the source's line of approach), but others were not (e.g. switching from deep to shallow diving; synchronous surfacing after maximum SPLs). Our study exemplifies how simulations of source-whale interactions guided by detailed observational data can improve our understanding about motivations behind behaviour responses observed in the wild (e.g., reducing sound exposure, prey movement).
海洋哺乳动物在噪声源附近的行为会调节其接收到的声暴露。我们证明，两只长鳍领航鲸均与多个声纳脉冲的连续到达同步浮出水面。然后，我们通过对领航鲸与接近声源的实际时空相互作用进行建模，评估浮出水面及其他行为反应策略对所接收的累积声暴露水平和最大声压级（SPL）的影响。在我们模型的传播条件下，在野外观察到的一些反应策略能有效降低接收水平（例如，垂直于声源接近路线移动），但其他策略则不然（例如，从深潜切换到浅潜；在最大声压级之后同步浮出水面）。我们的研究例证了，由详细观测数据指导的声源 - 鲸鱼相互作用模拟如何能增进我们对野外观察到的行为反应背后动机（例如，减少声暴露、猎物移动）的理解。
