University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, United States.
University of Mississippi Medical Center, United States.
Clin Psychol Rev. 2015 Jun;38:55-64. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2015.02.009. Epub 2015 Mar 6.
Epidemiological research on the prevalence of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) has found inconsistent results in terms of gender differences, with some studies showing a higher prevalence for women compared to men and other studies showing no difference. The goal of the current study was to use meta-analytic techniques to better conceptualize the presence and size of gender differences in the prevalence of NSSI. We also examined two factors proposed to explain gender differences in NSSI prevalence: the gender difference would be larger for clinical samples relative to community samples, and the gender difference would be larger for younger (versus older) samples. The results showed that across studies women were significantly more likely to report a history of NSSI than men. Moderator analyses showed that the gender difference was larger for clinical samples, compared to college/community samples. However, there was not a significant relation between age and effect size. Women were more likely to use some methods of NSSI (e.g., cutting) compared to men, but for other methods there was no significant difference (e.g., punching). These results increase our knowledge of NSSI and fit with a larger literature examining gender, emotion regulation, and psychopathology.
非自杀性自伤（NSSI）的流行率的流行病学研究在性别差异方面得出了不一致的结果，一些研究表明女性的发生率高于男性，而其他研究则表明没有差异。本研究的目的是使用荟萃分析技术更好地理解 NSSI 流行率中存在的性别差异及其大小。我们还检查了两个被认为可以解释 NSSI 流行率性别差异的因素：临床样本相对于社区样本，性别差异更大；年龄越小（相对于年龄较大），性别差异越大。结果表明，在所有研究中，女性报告有 NSSI 史的可能性显著高于男性。调节分析表明，与大学生/社区样本相比，临床样本的性别差异更大。然而，年龄与效应大小之间没有显著关系。与男性相比，女性更有可能使用一些 NSSI 方法（例如切割），但对于其他方法则没有显著差异（例如拳击）。这些结果增加了我们对 NSSI 的认识，并与更广泛的研究性别、情绪调节和精神病理学相吻合。
