Machado V S, Oikonomou G, Ganda E K, Stephens L, Milhomem M, Freitas G L, Zinicola M, Pearson J, Wieland M, Guard C, Gilbert R O, Bicalho R C
Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.
Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7BE, United Kingdom.
J Dairy Sci. 2015 Jun;98(6):3849-58. doi: 10.3168/jds.2014-9046. Epub 2015 Mar 18.
The main objective of this study was to evaluate the intrauterine administration use of 200 mL of 50% dextrose solution as a treatment against clinical endometritis (CE); CE cure rate and reproductive performance were evaluated. Additionally, the association of several relevant risk factors, such as retained placenta (RP), metritis, CE, anovulation, hyperketonemia, and body condition score with reproductive performance, early embryonic mortality, and CE were evaluated. A total of 1,313 Holstein cows housed on 4 commercial dairy farms were enrolled in the study. At 7±3 DIM cows were examined for metritis and had blood collected to determine serum β-hydroxybutyrate concentration. To determine if cows had ovulated at least once before 44±3 DIM, the presence of a corpus luteum was evaluated by ovarian ultrasonography at 30±3 DIM and at 44±3 DIM. At 30±3 DIM, CE was diagnosed using the Metricheck device (SimcroTech, Hamilton, New Zealand); cows with purulent or mucopurulent vaginal discharge were diagnosed as having CE. Cows diagnosed with CE (n=175) were randomly allocated into 2 treatment groups: treatment (intrauterine infusion of 200 mL of 50% dextrose) or control (no infusion). Clinical endometritis cows were re-evaluated as described above at 44±3 DIM, and cows that were free of purulent or mucopurulent vaginal discharge were considered cured. Intrauterine infusion of dextrose tended to have a detrimental effect on CE cure rate, and treatment did not have an effect on first-service conception rate and early embryonic mortality. A multivariable Cox's proportional hazard model was performed to evaluate the effect of several variables on reproductive performance; the variables RP, CE, parity, anovulation, and the interaction term between parity and anovulation were associated with hazard of pregnancy. Cows that did not have RP or CE were more likely to conceive than cows that were diagnosed with RP or CE. Cows that had RP were at 3.36 times higher odds of losing their pregnancy than cows that did not have RP. In addition, cows diagnosed with CE were at 2.16 higher odds of losing their pregnancy than cows without CE. In conclusion, intrauterine infusion of 200 mL of 50% dextrose solution as a treatment for CE had a strong statistical tendency to decrease CE cure rate, did not improve first-service conception rate and early embryonic mortality, and did not decrease calving-to-conception interval.
本研究的主要目的是评估宫腔内注入200 mL 50%葡萄糖溶液治疗临床子宫内膜炎（CE）的效果；评估CE治愈率和繁殖性能。此外，还评估了几个相关风险因素，如胎盘滞留（RP）、子宫炎、CE、无排卵、高酮血症以及体况评分与繁殖性能、早期胚胎死亡率和CE之间的关联。共有1313头荷斯坦奶牛被纳入本研究，这些奶牛饲养在4个商业化奶牛场。在产后7±3天检查奶牛是否患有子宫炎，并采集血液以测定血清β-羟丁酸浓度。为确定奶牛在产后44±3天之前是否至少排卵一次，在产后30±3天和44±3天通过卵巢超声检查评估黄体的存在情况。在产后30±3天，使用Metricheck设备（SimcroTech，新西兰哈密尔顿）诊断CE；阴道有脓性或黏液脓性分泌物的奶牛被诊断为患有CE。被诊断为CE的奶牛（n = 175）被随机分为2个治疗组：治疗组（宫腔内注入200 mL 50%葡萄糖）或对照组（不注入）。临床子宫内膜炎奶牛在产后44±3天按上述方法重新评估，无脓性或黏液脓性阴道分泌物的奶牛被视为治愈。宫腔内注入葡萄糖对CE治愈率有降低的趋势，且治疗对首次配种受胎率和早期胚胎死亡率没有影响。采用多变量Cox比例风险模型评估几个变量对繁殖性能的影响；变量RP、CE、胎次、无排卵以及胎次与无排卵之间的交互项与妊娠风险相关。没有RP或CE的奶牛比被诊断患有RP或CE的奶牛更有可能受孕。患有RP的奶牛失去妊娠的几率比没有RP的奶牛高3.36倍。此外，被诊断患有CE的奶牛失去妊娠的几率比没有CE的奶牛高2.16倍。总之，宫腔内注入200 mL 50%葡萄糖溶液治疗CE在统计学上有降低CE治愈率的强烈趋势，没有提高首次配种受胎率和早期胚胎死亡率，也没有缩短产犊至受孕间隔。
