Schär Fabian, Giardina Federica, Khieu Virak, Muth Sinuon, Vounatsou Penelope, Marti Hanspeter, Odermatt Peter
Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Acta Trop. 2016 Jul;159:227-38. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.03.008. Epub 2015 Mar 17.
The soil-transmitted nematode, Strongyloides stercoralis is one of the most-neglected of all neglected tropical diseases. It is globally distributed, favouring the humid, wet climates of the tropics and subtropics. Inadequate sanitary conditions promote the spread of S. stercoralis infection. In South-East Asia, many countries provide the ideal ecological and economic setting for high S. stercoralis infection rates. Yet, in most of these countries, little is known about the actual prevalence and distribution of S. stercoralis. One reason for this lack of knowledge pertains to the time- and resource-intensive diagnostic methods used to detect S. stercoralis infection. The Koga Agar culture method and the Baermann method are considered to be the best coprological diagnostic methods for field settings today. Both detect the parasite with high sensitivity. This sensitivity can be increased further by examining stool samples for several consecutive days, thereby increasing the chances of detecting low-intensity chronic infections. Diagnostic challenges, however, lead to the omission of S. stercoralis in studies of soil-transmitted helminths and few studies focus on S. stercoralis, specifically. These factors lead to an underreporting of the nematode's prevalence, not only in South-East Asia but worldwide. We have reviewed the scientific literature of the last 25 years and estimated country-wide prevalence rates for South-East Asia. We aim to summarise what is known today about the prevalence of S. stercoralis in South-East Asia, as well as to ascertain the risk factors and diagnostic methods most commonly applied.
土源性线虫类圆线虫是所有被忽视的热带病中最受忽视的疾病之一。它分布于全球，尤其青睐热带和亚热带的潮湿气候。卫生条件不足会促使类圆线虫感染的传播。在东南亚，许多国家具备了类圆线虫高感染率的理想生态和经济环境。然而，在这些国家中的大多数，人们对类圆线虫的实际流行情况和分布知之甚少。造成这种知识匮乏的一个原因与用于检测类圆线虫感染的耗时且资源密集的诊断方法有关。目前，Koga琼脂培养法和贝尔曼法被认为是现场环境中最佳的粪便学诊断方法。这两种方法都能以高灵敏度检测到该寄生虫。通过连续几天检查粪便样本，可进一步提高这种灵敏度，从而增加检测到低强度慢性感染的几率。然而，诊断方面的挑战导致在土源性蠕虫研究中遗漏了类圆线虫，而且专门针对类圆线虫的研究很少。这些因素导致不仅在东南亚，而且在全球范围内，该线虫的流行率都报告不足。我们回顾了过去25年的科学文献，并估算了东南亚各国的流行率。我们旨在总结目前关于东南亚类圆线虫流行情况的已知信息，以及确定最常用的风险因素和诊断方法。
