González Sacramento Nazaret, Rubio Armendáriz Carmen, Gutiérrez Fernández Ángel José, Luis González Gara, Hardisson de la Torre Arturo, Revert Girones Consuelo
Área de Toxicología. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad de La Laguna. S/C de Tenerife. España..
Nutr Hosp. 2015 Apr 1;31(4):1787-94. doi: 10.3305/nh.2015.31.4.8564.
drinking water is the main source of fluoride exposure for the population. According to the Spanish Law RD 140/2003, the fluoride content in drinking water should not exceed the parametric value of 1.5 mg/L. Historically, certain drinking waters in the island of Tenerife have exceeded this value due to the geological/volcanic characteristics of the Canary Islands. Fluoride (F) plays an important role in the prevention of dental caries (tooth decay). However, long exposure to concentrations above 1.5 mg/L in drinking water can cause disorders such as dental fluorosis.
To determine the amount of fluoride in the tap waters of the 11 municipalities in the north of the island of Tenerife that, at the time of the study, exceeded the parametric value for fluoride set by the Spanish legislation and to toxicologically estimate and evaluate the fluoride daily intakes from water considering the RDI (Recommended Daily Intake) established in Spain for different population groups.
44 samples of tap water collected in the 11 municipalities in the study were analyzed using the fluoride potentiometric determination with an ion selective electrode.
9 of the 11 municipalities presented mean fluoride concentrations in their tap water that exceeded the parametric value set by the Spanish legislation (1.5 mg/L). Considering an average daily water consumption of 2 L, the recommended daily intake (RDI) for women (3mg F/day) is exceeded in 9 of the 11 municipalities and the RDI for men (4 mg F/day) is exceeded in 5 of the 11 municipalities. Considering a daily water consumption of 1.5 L, the RDI for children of 2-3 years (0.7 mg/day) is clearly exceeded in all municipalities.
The results show the existing public health problem on the island of Tenerife and justify the tap water consumption restrictions put in force by the Public Health Authorities of the Canary Islands at the time of the study. Children are the most exposed population group to the risks of fluoride because its RDI is lower.
饮用水是人群氟暴露的主要来源。根据西班牙第140/2003号皇家法令，饮用水中的氟含量不应超过1.5毫克/升的参数值。从历史上看，由于加那利群岛的地质/火山特征，特内里费岛的某些饮用水超过了这个值。氟（F）在预防龋齿（蛀牙）方面发挥着重要作用。然而，长期接触饮用水中超过1.5毫克/升的浓度会导致诸如氟斑牙等疾病。
确定特内里费岛北部11个市镇自来水中的氟含量，这些市镇在研究时超过了西班牙立法规定的氟参数值，并根据西班牙为不同人群组设定的推荐每日摄入量（RDI），从毒理学角度估计和评估水中氟的每日摄入量。
使用离子选择性电极通过氟电位测定法对研究中11个市镇采集的44份自来水样本进行分析。
11个市镇中有9个市镇的自来水平均氟浓度超过了西班牙立法规定的参数值（1.5毫克/升）。考虑到平均每日用水量为2升，11个市镇中有9个超过了女性的推荐每日摄入量（3毫克氟/天），11个市镇中有5个超过了男性的推荐每日摄入量（4毫克氟/天）。考虑到每日用水量为1.5升，所有市镇2至3岁儿童的推荐每日摄入量（0.7毫克/天）均明显超标。
结果显示了特内里费岛存在的公共卫生问题，并证明了加那利群岛公共卫生当局在研究时实施的自来水消费限制是合理的。儿童是最易受到氟风险影响的人群，因为其推荐每日摄入量较低。
