Srivastava Pankaj Kumar, Singh Manvi, Gupta Manjul, Singh Nandita, Kharwar Ravindra Nath, Tripathi Rudra Deo, Nautiyal Chandra Shekhar
CSIR, National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India,
Environ Monit Assess. 2015 Apr;187(4):198. doi: 10.1007/s10661-015-4418-5. Epub 2015 Mar 22.
A detailed field study was carried out to monitor (i) the arsenic contents in irrigation groundwater and paddy soil and (ii) the accumulation of arsenic in the roots and grains of different paddy varieties grown in the arsenic-contaminated middle Indo-Gangetic Plains of Northern India. Results showed the highest arsenic contamination in the irrigation groundwater (312 μg l(-1)) and in paddy soil (35 mg kg(-1)) values that were significantly exceeded the recommended threshold values of 100 μg l(-1) (EU) and 20 mg kg(-1) (FAO), respectively. The paddy soil arsenic content ranged from 3 to 35 mg kg(-1) with a mean value of 15 mg kg(-1). The soil arsenic content was found to be influenced by the soil texture, carbon, macronutrients, phosphorus, sulfur, hydrolases, and oxidoreductases properties of the paddy soils as revealed in the principal component analyses. Higher root accumulation (>10 mg kg(-1)) of arsenic was observed in 6 of the 17 paddy varieties grown in the study area. The range of arsenic content accumulated in the paddy roots was 4.1 to 16.2 mg kg(-1) dry weight (dw) and in the grains 0.179 to 0.932 mg kg(-1) dw. Out of 17 paddy varieties, eight had 0 > .55 mg kg(-1) grain arsenic content and were found unsafe for subsistence maximum daily tolerable dietary intake (MTDI) by human beings according to the regulatory standards.
开展了一项详细的实地研究，以监测：（i）灌溉地下水和稻田土壤中的砷含量；（ii）在印度北部受砷污染的中印度-恒河平原种植的不同水稻品种的根和谷粒中的砷积累情况。结果显示，灌溉地下水中的砷污染最为严重（312 μg l⁻¹），稻田土壤中的砷污染次之（35 mg kg⁻¹），这些值分别显著超过了欧盟推荐的阈值100 μg l⁻¹和粮农组织推荐的阈值20 mg kg⁻¹。稻田土壤砷含量范围为3至35 mg kg⁻¹，平均值为15 mg kg⁻¹。主成分分析表明，土壤砷含量受稻田土壤质地、碳、大量营养素、磷、硫、水解酶和氧化还原酶特性的影响。在研究区域种植的17个水稻品种中，有6个品种的根砷积累量较高（>10 mg kg⁻¹）。水稻根中积累的砷含量范围为4.1至16.2 mg kg⁻¹干重（dw），谷粒中为0.179至0.932 mg kg⁻¹ dw。在17个水稻品种中，有8个品种的谷粒砷含量>0.55 mg kg⁻¹，根据监管标准，人类食用这些水稻的最大每日可耐受摄入量（MTDI）不安全。
