Institute of Immunology, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Kashirskoe Shosse 24/2, 115478 Moscow, Russia.
Biology Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenin Hills 1/12, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
Autoimmun Rev. 2015 Jul;14(7):633-40. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2015.03.002. Epub 2015 Mar 19.
The pathogenesis of many autoimmune diseases is initially based on a redundant or prolonged activation of the innate immune system. It was suggested that an excessive activation of the innate immunity is often the result of a chronic inflammatory process in the organism. This inflammation can be induced by exogenous and endogenous alarm factors, or alarmins. We believe that the recently discovered neutrophil extracellular traps, or NETs, completely meet the criteria of alarmins. This review summarizes current knowledge concerning the general characteristics of NETs, their antimicrobial properties, and their role in the development of chronic inflammatory processes that underlie the pathogenesis of psoriasis and atherosclerosis. Studies on the NETosis can provide the foundation for developing new diagnostic methods and effective treatment of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
许多自身免疫性疾病的发病机制最初基于固有免疫系统的冗余或过度激活。有研究表明，固有免疫的过度激活通常是机体慢性炎症过程的结果。这种炎症可以由外源性和内源性警报因子或警报素引起。我们认为，最近发现的中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网（NETs）完全符合警报素的标准。这篇综述总结了有关 NETs 的一般特征、其抗菌特性以及在银屑病和动脉粥样硬化发病机制中慢性炎症过程发展中的作用的最新知识。NETosis 的研究可以为开发新的诊断方法和有效治疗慢性炎症和自身免疫性疾病提供基础。
