Hearst Mary O, Himes John H, Johnson Dana E, Kroupina Maria, Syzdykova Aigul, Aidjanov Musa, Sharmonov T
St. Catherine University.
Infant Ment Health J. 2014 Mar-Apr;35(2):94-101. doi: 10.1002/imhj.21430.
This article describes the nutritional and developmental status of young children living in Baby Houses (orphanages for children ages 0-3 years) in Kazakhstan. In 2009/2010, 308 children under age 3 years living in 10 Baby Houses were measured for height/length and weight. The Bayley Scales of Infant Development (N. Bayley, 2006) were used to assess mental and motor development. Blood was collected on a subsample to assess key nutritional factors. The World Health Organization growth charts were used to calculate Z-scores. Cut points for wasting (moderate to severe low weight for length/height growth), underweight (low weight for age), stunting (low length/height for age), development, and biomarkers used established guidelines. Most (n = 286) children had complete data on z-scores. Of these, 22.1% were experiencing wasting, 31.5% were underweight, and 36.7% had stunting. The nutritional status of the children, based on blood biomarkers, revealed that 37.1% of the children were anemic, 21.4% had low albumin, 38.1% had low vitamin D, 5.5% were iodine-deficient, and 2% had low serum zinc. One half had mild to significant mental and motor delays. Children living at these Baby Houses in Kazakhstan have substantial nutritional deficits and developmental delays. Focused attention is needed to provide a nutritionally enhanced diet and improved developmental opportunities to improve the long-term outcomes for these children.
本文描述了哈萨克斯坦儿童福利院（0至3岁儿童孤儿院）中幼儿的营养和发育状况。2009/2010年，对居住在10所儿童福利院的308名3岁以下儿童进行了身高/身长和体重测量。使用贝利婴儿发展量表（N. 贝利，2006年）评估智力和运动发育。采集了子样本的血液以评估关键营养因素。使用世界卫生组织生长图表计算Z分数。消瘦（长度/身高增长的中度至重度低体重）、体重不足（年龄别低体重）、发育迟缓（年龄别低身长/身高）、发育以及生物标志物的切点采用既定指南。大多数（n = 286）儿童有完整的Z分数数据。其中，22.1%的儿童存在消瘦，31.5%的儿童体重不足，36.7%的儿童发育迟缓。基于血液生物标志物的儿童营养状况显示，37.1%的儿童贫血，21.4%的儿童白蛋白水平低，38.1%的儿童维生素D水平低，5.5%的儿童缺碘，2%的儿童血清锌水平低。一半儿童存在轻度至重度的智力和运动发育迟缓。哈萨克斯坦这些儿童福利院的儿童存在严重的营养缺乏和发育迟缓问题。需要集中关注提供营养强化饮食和改善发育机会，以改善这些儿童的长期结局。
