Quinn A J, Boyle L A, KilBride A L, Green L E
Pig Development Department, Animal & Grassland Research & Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland; School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, England, United Kingdom.
Pig Development Department, Animal & Grassland Research & Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland.
Prev Vet Med. 2015 May 1;119(3-4):162-71. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2015.02.016. Epub 2015 Feb 24.
A cross-sectional survey of 68 integrated Irish pig farms was conducted to determine the prevalence and risk factors for foot and limb lesions in 2948 piglets from 272 litters. One litter was selected per age category; 3-7 days, 8-14 days, 15-21 days and 22-28 days per farm. All piglets were examined for sole bruising, sole erosion, coronary band injuries, limb abrasions, alopecia, swollen limbs and swollen feet and scored from 0 to 3 based on relative size. Environmental parameters were recorded for each litter examined. A questionnaire was completed on management, health and performance factors for each farm. The overall prevalence of each lesion was calculated and multilevel mixed effect logistic regression models were used to elucidate risk factors. The prevalence (farm range) of lesions were: sole bruising=61.5% (7-100%), sole erosion=34.1% (0-100%), coronary band injuries=11.3% (0-46%), limb abrasions=55.7% (11-98%), alopecia=24.8% (0-83%), swollen limbs=2.4% (0-11%) and swollen feet=4.4% (0-14%). Age was negatively associated with sole bruising (OR 0.42; CI 0.37, 0.50) and coronary band injury (OR 0.69; CI 0.60, 0.81) and positively associated with limb abrasions (OR 1.54; CI 1.12, 2.14). There was a reduced risk of sole bruising in piglets in pens with plastic slats with oval voids in the piglet area of the pen with a plastic solid area for piglets and metal slats under the crate (OR 0.32; CI 0.15, 0.70) compared with plastic stats throughout and a plastic solid area for piglets. There was an increased risk of sole erosion (OR 1.81; CI 1.07, 3.09) and foot and limb swellings (OR 1.90; CI 1.01, 3.57) in pigs in pens with metal slats only and a solid plastic area for piglets compared with plastic stats throughout and a solid plastic area for piglets. There was an increased risk of coronary band injury in pens with metal slats throughout and a metal solid area for piglets (OR 4.25; CI 1.96, 3.57) compared with plastic stats throughout and a plastic solid area for piglets. We conclude no single floor type was ideal for piglet foot and limb health with all floors influencing different lesions in different ways, however, the positive association between sole erosions, coronary band injury and foot and limb swellings and metal slats suggest that this floor type was most detrimental and most likely to be associated with joint infections that lead to severe health and welfare concerns.
对爱尔兰68个综合性养猪场进行了横断面调查，以确定来自272窝的2948头仔猪足部和肢体损伤的患病率及风险因素。每个年龄组（3 - 7天、8 - 14天、15 - 21天和22 - 28天）的仔猪各选一窝，每个农场都进行这样的选择。对所有仔猪检查是否有蹄底擦伤、蹄底糜烂、冠状带损伤、肢体擦伤、脱毛、肢体肿胀和足部肿胀，并根据相对大小从0到3进行评分。记录每窝检查的环境参数。针对每个农场完成了一份关于管理、健康和生产性能因素的问卷。计算每种损伤的总体患病率，并使用多水平混合效应逻辑回归模型来阐明风险因素。各损伤的患病率（农场范围）为：蹄底擦伤 = 61.5%（7% - 100%），蹄底糜烂 = 34.1%（0% - 100%），冠状带损伤 = 11.3%（0% - 46%），肢体擦伤 = 55.7%（11% - 98%），脱毛 = 24.8%（0% - 83%），肢体肿胀 = 2.4%（0% - 11%），足部肿胀 = 4.4%（0% - 14%）。年龄与蹄底擦伤（比值比0.42；可信区间0.37, 0.50）和冠状带损伤（比值比0.69；可信区间0.60, 0.81）呈负相关，与肢体擦伤呈正相关（比值比1.54；可信区间1.12, 2.14）。与整个区域采用塑料板条且仔猪区域有塑料实心区域的猪舍相比，在仔猪区域有椭圆形空隙的塑料板条且仔猪围栏下方有塑料实心区域和金属板条的猪舍中，仔猪发生蹄底擦伤的风险降低（比值比0.32；可信区间0.15, 0.70）。与整个区域采用塑料板条且仔猪有实心塑料区域的猪舍相比，仅采用金属板条且仔猪有实心塑料区域的猪舍中，猪发生蹄底糜烂（比值比1.81；可信区间1.07, 3.09）以及足部和肢体肿胀（比值比1.90；可信区间1.01, 3.57）的风险增加。与整个区域采用塑料板条且仔猪有塑料实心区域的猪舍相比，整个区域采用金属板条且仔猪有金属实心区域的猪舍中，冠状带损伤的风险增加（比值比4.25；可信区间1.96, 3.57）。我们得出结论，没有一种单一的地板类型对仔猪足部和肢体健康是理想的，所有地板类型都以不同方式影响不同的损伤，然而，蹄底糜烂、冠状带损伤以及足部和肢体肿胀与金属板条之间的正相关表明，这种地板类型最有害，并且最有可能与导致严重健康和福利问题的关节感染相关。
