Clay Andrea W, Bloomsmith Mollie A, Bard Kim A, Maple Terry L, Marr Marcus J
Georgia Institute of Technology.
Yerkes National Primate Research Center.
J Comp Psychol. 2015 May;129(2):145-59. doi: 10.1037/a0038901. Epub 2015 Mar 23.
This research traces the long-term effects on health, well-being, personality, and behavior of adult chimpanzees as a function of their attachment to a primary human caregiver assessed when they were 1 year of age. Of the 46 chimpanzees assessed at 1 year of age, we assessed health in 43 individuals, adult behavior in 20 individuals, and adult well-being and personality in 21 individuals. Attachment disorganization was found to be a significant predictor of stereotypic rocking in adult chimpanzees, F(1, 18) = 7.50, p = .013. For those subjects (N = 24) with a full 20 years (birth through age 20 years) of health data available, both rearing experience and disorganized attachment were significant predictors of upper respiratory infection frequency, F(2, 21) = 8.86, p = .002. Chimpanzees with disorganized attachment exhibited average subjective well-being as adults, whereas chimpanzees with organized strategies exhibited higher than average subjective well-being as adults. These results support the findings of human attachment research and are in line with attachment-based predictions for chimpanzees, such that the consequences of an early history of disorganized attachment may be adverse and long lasting.
本研究追踪了成年黑猩猩在1岁时与其主要人类照料者的依恋关系对其健康、幸福感、性格和行为的长期影响。在46只1岁时接受评估的黑猩猩中，我们对43只个体的健康状况、20只个体的成年行为以及21只个体的成年幸福感和性格进行了评估。研究发现，依恋混乱是成年黑猩猩刻板摇摆行为的一个重要预测因素，F(1, 18) = 7.50，p = .013。对于那些有完整20年（从出生到20岁）健康数据的受试者（N = 24），养育经历和混乱依恋都是上呼吸道感染频率的重要预测因素，F(2, 21) = 8.86，p = .002。依恋混乱的黑猩猩成年后主观幸福感处于平均水平，而采用有组织策略的黑猩猩成年后主观幸福感高于平均水平。这些结果支持了人类依恋研究的发现，并与基于依恋对黑猩猩的预测一致，即早期混乱依恋史的后果可能是不利且持久的。
