Nadvornik Pavel
Department of Neurosurgery MF MU, Faculty Hospital St. Anns, Brno, Czech Republic.
J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg. 2015 Jul;76(4):318-22. doi: 10.1055/s-0034-1376194. Epub 2015 Mar 23.
The origin of spinal cord stereotaxy can be traced back to the 19th-century work of Woroshiloff, the pioneer of brain stereotaxy. The development of clinical brain stereotaxy began in the mid-20th century, but spinal cord stereotaxy lagged behind. The first stereotactic spinal cord surgery was successfully performed by Hitchcock for pain treatment in the 1960s, and surgery for urinary bladder hyperspasticity performed by Nádvorník followed several years later. Other stereotactic surgeries of the spinal cord movement system could not be considered until Slovak anatomist Čierny used animal experiments (with cats) to discover the exact location of motoneurons for the individual muscles in the anterior horns of the spinal cord. Having compared the data with the pattern of Riley's atlas based on microscopic investigation of the human spinal cord (only motoneuron groups without functional properties), the first stereotactic spinal cord atlas was transferred to human structures. With the construction of a universal spinal cord stereotactic device began a new era in spinal cord stereotaxy. The investigation of spinal cord movement functions will probably become the main focus of this discipline that aims to restore physiologic movement after spinal cord injury associated with paraplegia.
脊髓立体定向技术的起源可以追溯到19世纪沃罗希洛夫的工作，他是脑立体定向技术的先驱。临床脑立体定向技术的发展始于20世纪中叶，但脊髓立体定向技术却落后了。20世纪60年代，希区柯克成功实施了首例立体定向脊髓手术用于疼痛治疗，几年后，纳德沃尔尼克进行了膀胱痉挛的手术。直到斯洛伐克解剖学家切尔尼通过动物实验（用猫）发现脊髓前角中各块肌肉运动神经元的确切位置，才得以开展其他脊髓运动系统的立体定向手术。在将这些数据与基于对人类脊髓微观研究的赖利图谱模式（仅为无功能特性的运动神经元组）进行比较后，首个立体定向脊髓图谱被应用于人体结构。随着通用脊髓立体定向设备的构建，脊髓立体定向技术开启了一个新时代。脊髓运动功能的研究可能会成为这一学科的主要焦点，该学科旨在恢复与截瘫相关的脊髓损伤后的生理运动。
