Department of Mental Health Policy and Evaluation, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan.
Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2015 Sep;69(9):512-22. doi: 10.1111/pcn.12297. Epub 2015 May 1.
The aim of this review is to clarify the state of psychiatric admissions and discharges in Japan using statistical data collected from 1996 to 2012. We performed a secondary analysis of nationwide data on psychiatric hospitals, which are collected yearly by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. The latest national figures for indices defined in the 'Reform Vision of Mental Health and Welfare' (originally released in 2004) were 70.9% for 'discharge rate for newly admitted patients' and 23.3% for 'discharge rate for long-term patients', which have target rates of ≥76% and ≥29%, respectively. The national discharge rate for newly admitted patients was roughly on the increase, but appeared to reach a plateau in recent years. [Correction added on 17 July 2015, after first online publication: 'on the decline' has been corrected to 'on the increase' in the sentence above.] The national discharge rate for long-term patients was higher in 2012 than in 1999 and appeared to increase throughout the 2000s, although not enough to reach the target. Some improvements in the discharge rate for newly admitted patients indicated some progress in mental health reform, although problems should continue to be addressed in order to reach the targets. As for discharge rates of long-term admissions in local communities, some problems still remain to be solved in order to achieve the goals of the reform vision.
本综述旨在利用 1996 年至 2012 年期间收集的统计数据，阐明日本精神科住院和出院的情况。我们对卫生、劳动和福利省每年收集的全国性精神病院数据进行了二次分析。《精神卫生和福利改革设想》（最初于 2004 年发布）中定义的最新全国指标数据为：“新入院患者出院率”为 70.9%，“长期患者出院率”为 23.3%，目标分别为≥76%和≥29%。全国新入院患者出院率呈上升趋势，但近年来似乎已达到平台期。[2015 年 7 月 17 日更正：上文的“下降”已改为“上升”。]长期患者的全国出院率在 2012 年高于 1999 年，并且在整个 2000 年代似乎呈上升趋势，尽管尚未达到目标。新入院患者出院率的一些改善表明精神卫生改革取得了一些进展，但为了达到目标，仍应继续解决问题。至于在当地社区长期住院的出院率，为了实现改革设想的目标，仍有一些问题需要解决。
