Motivation for HPV Vaccination Among Young Adult Men: Validation of TTM Decisional Balance and Self-Efficacy Constructs.

PURPOSE

In the United States, 36% of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related cancers occur among men. HPV vaccination can substantially reduce the risk of HPV infection; however, the vast majority of men are unvaccinated. This study developed and validated transtheoretical model-based measures for HPV vaccination in young adult men.

DESIGN

Cross-sectional measurement development.

SETTING

Online survey of young adult men.

SUBJECTS

Three hundred twenty-nine mostly college-attending men, ages 18 to 26.

MEASURES

Stage of change, decisional balance (pros/cons), and self-efficacy.

ANALYSIS

The sample was randomly split into halves for exploratory principal components analysis (PCA), followed by confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) to test measurement models. Multivariate analyses examined relationships between scales.

RESULTS

For decisional balance, PCA revealed two uncorrelated five-item factors (pros α = .78; cons α = .83). For the self-efficacy scale, PCA revealed a single-factor solution (α = .83). CFA confirmed that the two-factor uncorrelated model for decisional balance and a single-factor model for self-efficacy. Follow-up analyses of variance supported the theoretically predicted relationships between stage of change, pros, and self-efficacy.

CONCLUSION

This study resulted in reliable and valid measures of pros and self-efficacy for HPV vaccination that can be used in future clinical research.