Akintonwa D A
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 1985 Feb;9(1):53-63. doi: 10.1016/0147-6513(85)90034-x.
A general degranulation test for carcinogens using the postmitochondrial supernatant (PMS) was based on the consistency of the stripping of ribosomes from rough endoplasmic reticulum. The degranulation phenomenon has been classified into three types, which are D1A, D1B and D11. This classification which is new has been introduced to probe more into the mechanistic aspects of degranulation. Aflatoxin B1 dimethylnitrosamine, 2-acetylaminofluorene, and 4-dimethylaminobenzene were carcinogens, evaluated in the PMS system. Reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), sodium chloride, potassium chloride, lithium chloride, lithium carbonate, and ascorbic acid which are noncarcinogens and the (+) and (-) chiral forms of methyl-1-naphthyl-p-nitrophenyl phosphorothionate were also evaluated in the PMS system. Lithium carbonate is teratogenic in rats. Similar findings have also been reported in mice, and lithium ion has been confirmed to be teratogenic in mice. This biological phenomenon of the D11 type could well evolve as a teratogenic effect and not a carcinogenic effect.
一种使用线粒体后上清液（PMS）进行致癌物通用脱颗粒试验，是基于粗面内质网核糖体剥离的一致性。脱颗粒现象已被分为三种类型，即D1A、D1B和D11。引入这种新的分类是为了更深入地探究脱颗粒的机制方面。黄曲霉毒素B1、二甲基亚硝胺、2-乙酰氨基芴和4-二甲基氨基苯是在PMS系统中评估的致癌物。还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）、氧化型谷胱甘肽（GSSG）、氯化钠、氯化钾、氯化锂、碳酸锂和抗坏血酸等非致癌物，以及甲基-1-萘基-对硝基苯基硫代磷酸酯的（+）和（-）手性形式也在PMS系统中进行了评估。碳酸锂对大鼠有致畸作用。在小鼠中也有类似的发现，并且锂离子已被证实对小鼠有致畸作用。这种D11型的生物学现象很可能演变为致畸作用而非致癌作用。
