Privitera Gregory J, McGrath Hannah K, Windus Brittany A, Doraiswamy P Murali
Department of Psychology, St. Bonaventure University, St. Bonaventure, United States of America.
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke Institute for Brain Sciences and the Duke Brain and Society program, Duke University, Durham, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2015 Mar 26;10(3):e0123136. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123136. eCollection 2015.
While overlapping neurobiological mechanisms are known, relatively little is known about how "self-control" and cognitive affective processing of rewards may also influence the bi-directional risk between obesity and depression. The objective of this study was to identify the extent to which "self-control," measured using a delay discounting task is co-related to BMI and Depression diagnostic thresholds. A within-subjects counterbalanced design was used in which 92 participants (Mean ± SD: BMI = 27.9 ± 3.5, HAMD = 14.7 ± 7.7) completed a series of clinical diagnostic, survey, and demographic questionnaires in a behavioral health laboratory setting. For the delay discounting task, participants chose between one large delayed reward and one successively smaller immediate reward for four food types (dessert, fried food, fruit, and vegetable). Results showed that delay discounting scores were predictive of BMI and depression with lower delay discounting scores associated with higher BMI and HAMD for the dessert (HAMD scores (β = -.197, p = .013), BMI (β = -.239, p < .001)) and fried food (HAMD scores (β = -.328, p = .001), BMI (β = -.166, p = .027)). Clinical significance was further evident when HAMD and BMI scores were converted to diagnostic thresholds. Only depression and/or atypical depressive symptoms were related to delay discounting scores with the fruit and vegetable. Thus, reduced cognitive affective self-control for impulsive food choices-particularly for "comfort foods" high in fat and sugar-appears to be a shared cognitive mechanism for both conditions perhaps contributing to the high prevalence of co-morbid mood disorders and weight gain.
虽然已知存在重叠的神经生物学机制，但对于“自我控制”以及奖励的认知情感加工如何影响肥胖与抑郁之间的双向风险，人们了解得相对较少。本研究的目的是确定使用延迟折扣任务测量的“自我控制”与体重指数（BMI）和抑郁诊断阈值的相关程度。采用了被试内平衡设计，92名参与者（均值±标准差：BMI = 27.9 ± 3.5，汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）= 14.7 ± 7.7）在行为健康实验室环境中完成了一系列临床诊断、调查和人口统计学问卷。对于延迟折扣任务，参与者要在一种较大的延迟奖励和一种依次变小的即时奖励之间，就四种食物类型（甜点、油炸食品、水果和蔬菜）做出选择。结果显示，延迟折扣分数可预测BMI和抑郁，对于甜点（HAMD分数（β = -.197，p = .013），BMI（β = -.239，p < .001））和油炸食品（HAMD分数（β = -.328，p = .001），BMI（β = -.166，p = .027）），较低的延迟折扣分数与较高的BMI和HAMD相关。当将HAMD和BMI分数转换为诊断阈值时，临床意义更加明显。只有抑郁和/或非典型抑郁症状与水果和蔬菜的延迟折扣分数有关。因此，对于冲动性食物选择，尤其是对高脂肪和高糖的“安慰食品”而言，认知情感自我控制能力的下降似乎是这两种情况的共同认知机制，这可能导致共病情绪障碍的高患病率和体重增加。
