Zhang Shengliang, Pan Jinren, Wang Zhifang
Ethn Dis. 2015 Winter;25(1):98-103.
Vaccines have prevented the spread of many diseases. However, lower vaccination rates have been found among the minority nationalities of China. We carried out this research to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) in Xunhua Salar Automous County, of childhood immunization, particularly in regard to vaccination to prevent measles.
A close-ended questionnaire was designed to evaluate KAP among 240 primary caregivers sampled by using the probability proportional to size method. The chi-square test and the logistic regression were used for statistical analysis to explore the potential risk factors associated with childhood under- immunization.
We found the majority of primary caregivers (80%) did not know their children could be immunized for free under the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) when they left the permanent resident areas. More than 95% of caregivers believed vaccines were effective. However, 34.6% of the children missed opportunities for vaccination or delayed vaccination. Our results showed that the potential risk factors associated with the increasing likelihood of a child missing or delaying immunization were: inadequate supplies of vaccine service; lacking information on immunization program; and lower educational level of caregivers. More than 70% of caregivers expected to acquire immunization information from village doctors or local religious leaders.
To increase immunization rates among minority children, more immunization services are strongly suggested. Local religious leaders were encouraged to play a vital role in improving caregivers' awareness of the immunization program, especially for those without formal schooling.
疫苗预防了许多疾病的传播。然而，中国少数民族的疫苗接种率较低。我们开展此项研究以评估循化撒拉族自治县儿童免疫接种的知识、态度和行为（KAP），特别是关于预防麻疹的疫苗接种情况。
设计了一份封闭式问卷，以评估采用规模比例概率抽样法抽取的240名主要照料者的KAP。采用卡方检验和逻辑回归进行统计分析，以探究与儿童免疫接种不足相关的潜在风险因素。
我们发现，大多数主要照料者（80%）不知道其子女在离开常住地时可根据扩大免疫规划（EPI）免费接种疫苗。超过95%的照料者认为疫苗有效。然而，34.6%的儿童错过或延迟了接种疫苗的机会。我们的结果表明，与儿童错过或延迟免疫接种可能性增加相关的潜在风险因素包括：疫苗服务供应不足；缺乏免疫规划信息；照料者教育水平较低。超过70%的照料者期望从乡村医生或当地宗教领袖处获取免疫接种信息。
为提高少数民族儿童的免疫接种率，强烈建议提供更多免疫接种服务。鼓励当地宗教领袖在提高照料者对免疫规划的认识方面发挥重要作用，特别是对于未受过正规教育的照料者。
