Vives i Batlle J
Biosphere Impact Studies Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
Ann ICRP. 2015 Jun;44(1 Suppl):331-46. doi: 10.1177/0146645315576099. Epub 2015 Mar 26.
This paper does not necessarily reflect the views of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. Radiation doses to marine biota near the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant have been estimated for the immediate aftermath and subsequent period of the accident. Dose estimations using monitoring data have been complemented by means of dynamic transfer modelling, improving on the more traditional equilibrium transfer approach. Earlier assessments using equilibrium transfer models overestimated the exposures in the immediate aftermath of the accident, whereas dynamic transfer modelling brings them more in line with the doses calculated from monitored activity concentrations in the biota. On that basis, marine biota populations in the vicinity of Fukushima do not seem to be at significant risk. The situation in the late post-accident period shows a tendency for lower exposures, but radiocaesium in sediments and biota persists to this day, with some organisms inhabiting local hotspots. Little is known about how long radionuclides will continue to remain in the local environment, or the long-term effects on populations due to limited knowledge on the effects of chronic radiation exposures to marine organisms. Therefore, the marine environment at Fukushima needs further study. The Fukushima nuclear accident remains an ongoing problem for marine radioecology, requiring constant re-evaluation of the cumulative extent of contamination and effects on the environment for years to come.
本文观点不一定代表国际放射防护委员会的观点。已对福岛第一核电站事故刚发生后及后续期间附近海洋生物群受到的辐射剂量进行了估算。利用监测数据进行的剂量估算通过动态转移模型得到了补充，改进了较为传统的平衡转移方法。早期使用平衡转移模型的评估高估了事故刚发生后的暴露剂量，而动态转移模型使其更符合根据生物群中监测到的活度浓度计算出的剂量。在此基础上，福岛附近的海洋生物群似乎没有面临重大风险。事故后期的情况显示出暴露剂量有降低的趋势，但沉积物和生物群中的放射性铯至今仍然存在，一些生物栖息在局部热点地区。对于放射性核素将在当地环境中持续存在多长时间，或者由于对海洋生物慢性辐射暴露影响的了解有限，对生物种群的长期影响知之甚少。因此，福岛的海洋环境需要进一步研究。福岛核事故仍然是海洋放射生态学中一个持续存在的问题，需要在未来数年对污染的累积程度及其对环境的影响不断进行重新评估。
